{width: 1000px;} Polyglotic Lexicography: Santalum - The names

Friday, August 29, 2025

Santalum - The names


List of genera 


Santalum acuminatum A.DC.

Eucarya acuminata Sprague & Summerh., Fusanus acuminatus R.Br., Fusanus acuminatus var. angustifolia (A.DC.) Benth., Mida acuminata Kuntze, Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC., 

Santalum angustifolium A.DC., Santalum cognatum Miq., Santalum densiflorum Gand., Santalum preissianum Miq., Santalum preissii F.Muell.  

ARABIC : صندل مؤنف sandal muanaf.

CHINESE : 框東 Kuàng dōng.

ENGLISH :  Australian quandong, Desert quandong (Aust.),  Native peach (Aust.), Quandong, Quandong tree, Sandalwood, Katunga (Aust.), Burn-burn (Aust.), Mangata (Aust.), Sweet quandong, Wild peach (Aust.).

JAPANESE : クァンドン Kandon.

MALAYALAM : ഡെസേർട്ട് ക്വാണ്ടോങ് deserttu quandong, ക്വാണ്ടോങ്  quandong (fruit), നേറ്റീവ് പീച്ച് nettiv peechu, സാന്താലം അകുമിനേറ്റം saanthaalam akuminettam.

PERSIAN : صندل برگ‌تیز sandel bargtiz.

RUSSIAN : Десертный квандонг Desertnyy kvandong.

UKRAINIAN : Десертний квандонг Desertnyy kvandonh.




Santalum album L.

ARABIC : الصندل الأبيض alsandal al'abyad, سنتل ابيض sintil abid, صَنْدَل Sandal.

ASSAMESE : চন্দন Sondon.

AZERBAIJANI : Evkalipt.

BELARUSIAN :  Сандалавае дрэва Sandalavaje dreva, Санталавае дрэва Santalavaje dreva, Сантал Santal.

BENGALI :  চন্দন candana (chandan), শ্বেত চন্দন Śbēta candana.

BULGARIAN : Сандалово дърво Sandalovo dŭrvo.

BURMESE :  နံ့သာဖြူ nan sarhpyauu, စန္ဒကူး hcandakuu, စန္ဒကူးဖြူ hcandakuu hpyauu, ၼၢမ်ႇသႃႇၽိူၵ်ႇ (Shan).

CATALAN : Sàndal. 

CHINESE :  白檀 Báitán, 白檀香 Báitán xiāng, 白旃檀 Bái zhāntán, 情侣树 Qínglǚ shù, 檀香 Tán xiāng, 檀香木 Tán xiāng mù (tree), 檀香油 Tán xiāngyóu (oil), 真檀 Zhēn tán.

CROATIAN : Sandalovina.

CZECH : Santalovník bílý, Santalové dřevo.

DANISH :  Sandeltræ.

DUTCH : Sandelboom, Sandelhout, Sandelhoutboom.

ENGLISH : Fragrant sandalwood, Indian sandalwood, Sandalwood, Sandalwood tree, True sandalwood, White sandalwood, Yellow sandalwood.

ESTONIAN : Sandlipuu. 

FINNISH : Santelipuu.

FRENCH :  Arbre à baumes, Bois de santal, Santal blanc, Santal blanc des Indes, Santal citrin,  Santal de l'Inde, Santal de Mysore, Santal des Indes, Santal népalais.

GEORGIAN : თეთრი სანდალოზი tetri sandalozi.

GERMAN :  Echtes Sandelholz, Echte Sandelholzbaum, Sandelbaum, Sandelholzbaum, Sandelholz weiß.

GUJARATI : ચંદન Chandan.

HEBREW : אלגום algum.

HINDI :  चन्दन chandan, संदल Sandal.

HUNGARIAN : Fehér szantálfa, Indiai szantálfa.

ITALIAN :  Sandalo bianco.

JAPANESE :  サンダルウッド  Sendaruuddo, ビャクダン Byakudan.

KANNADA : Bavanna, ಭದ್ರಶ್ರೀ Bhadrasri, ಚಂದನ Chandana, ಗಂಧ Gandha,, ಪಟೇರ Patera, ಶ್ರೀಗಂಧ Śrīgandha, ಶ್ರೀಗಂಧದ Śrīgandhada.

KASHMIRI : च़ंदन् ʦandan.

KHMER : ចន្ទន៍ chanto.

KONKANI : चंदन Chandan, गांद Gaandh, ಶ್ರೀಗಾಂದ Shrigaandh (गोंयची कोंकणी Goa).

KOREAN : 백단향 baegdanhyang.

LITHUANIAN : Baltasis santalas.

MACEDONIAN : Сандаловина Sandalovina.

MADURESE : Candhâna.

MALAY :  Cendana (Indonesia), Cenana (Bali).

MALAYALAM : ചന്ദനം chandanam.

MANIPURI : ꯆꯟꯗꯟ chandan, চংদন chandan.

MARATHI : चंदन candana (chandan), श्रीखंड Shrikhand.

NEPALESE : श्रीखण्ड Śrīkhaṇḍa (Shreekhand).

NORWEGIAN : Sandelholtbuum, Sandeltre.

ORIYA : ଚନ୍ଦନ chandan, ଚନ୍ଦନ କାଠ chandana katha.

PASHTO : چندړ chandrh.

PERSIAN : صندل سفید sandel sefid, صندل Sandel.

POLISH : Sandałowiec biały. 

PORTUGUESE :  Sândalo, Sândalo-branco.

PUNJABI : صندل sandal, ਚੰਦਨ Chandan, ਪਰਮਲ Parmal, ਸੰਦਲ Sandal.

RUSSIAN : Сандал Sandal, Сандаловое дерево Sandaloboe derevo, Сантал белый Santal belyy.

SANSKRIT :  चन्दनम्: Candana, चन्दनम् Chandanam, बर्बरोत्थ Barbarottha, भद्रश्री Bhadrashri, चन्द्रद्युति Chandradyuti, चन्द्रकान्त Chandrakanta, एकाङ्ग Ekanga, गन्धसार Gandhasara, गन्धाढ्य Gandhadhya, गन्धराज Gandharaja, हिम Hima, कोशी Koshi, महार्ह Maharha, मलयज Malayaja, मङ्गल्य Mangalya, पराग Paraga, पटीर Patira, पट्टराग Pattaraga, फलकिन् Phalakin, पीतसार Pitasara, रौहिण Rauhina, सारगन्ध Saragandha, शीतल Shitala, श्रीखण्ड Shrikhanda, शुभ्र Shubhra, श्वेतसार Shvetasara, सित Sita, सुगन्ध Sugandha, सुक्कडि Sukkadi, सुरोत्तर Surottara, तैलपर्णी Tailaparni, वल्गुक Valguka, वर्णक Varnaka, वेधक Vedhaka, विकट Vikata, याम्य Yamya, योग्य Yogya (Compiling by Dinesh Valke).

SANTALI : ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ Condon.

SERBIAN : Сандалово дрво Sandalovo drvo.

SINDHI : چَندَنُ Chandanu.

SLOVAKIAN : Santal.

SLOVENIAN : Bela sandalovina, Beli santalovec, Prava sandalovina, Rdeča sandalovina, Sandalovina.

SPANISH : Sándalo, Sándalo blanco.

SUNDANESE : Cendana. 

SWEDISH : Sandelträ, Vitt sandelträd.

TAMIL : சந்தனம் Chandanam.

TELUGU :  చందనం Candanaṁ, శ్రీగంధం Srigandham.

THAI : จันทน์ขาว 

TIBETAN : ཙན་དན Tsan-Dan.

TULU : ಚಂದನ Chandana, ಶ್ರೀಗ೦ಧ Shrigandha.

TURKISH : Sandal ağacı. 

UKRAINIAN : Сантал білий  Santal bilyy.

URDU : چندن chandan.

VIETNAMESE : Đàn hương trắng, Bạch đàn, Bạch đàn hương.





Santalum austrocaledonicum Vieill. 

Santalum hornei Seem.  

CHINESE : 西澳新山頭檀香 Xī ào xīn shāntóu tán xiāng, 西澳新山檀香 Xī ào xīn shān tán xiāng, 野生西澳新山壇香 Yě shēng xī ào xīn shān tán xiāng.

ENGLISH : Australian sandalwood, New Caledonia sandalwood, Caledonian sandalwood.

FRENCH : Santal néocalédonien, Santal de Nouvelle Calédonie, Santal de Vanuatu.



Santalum ellipticum Gaudich. 

Santalum cuneatum Rock, Santalum littorale Rock  

ENGLISH : Coast sandalwood (Hawaiʻi), Hawaiian sandalwood.

FRENCH : Bois de santal hawaïen, Santal hawaïen, Santal d’Hawaï.

HAWAIIAN : ʻiliahialoʻe.

PORTUGUESE : Sândalo-costeiro.



Santalum fernandezianum F. Philippi

CHINESE : 智利檀香 Zhìlì tán xiāng.

ENGLISH : Chile sandalwood.

FRENCH : Santal des îles Juan Fernández.

GERMAN : Juan-Fernández-Sandelbaum.

NORWEGIAN : Chilensk sandaltre.

SPANISH : Sándalo de Juan Fernández.



Santalum insulare Bert. ex A.DC. 

Santalum insulare var. mitiaro Sykes, Santalum multiflorum J.W.Moore  

ENGLISH : Polynesian sandalwood.

FRENCH : Santal de Polynésie française.


Santalum insulare var. alticola Fosberg & Sachet

FRENCH : Santal des Îles de la Société


Santalum insulare var. deckeri Fosberg & Sachet

ENGLISH : Marquesas Islands sandalwood, Hivaoa Island sandalwood.

FRENCH : Bois de santal des îles Marquises.


Santalum insulare var. hendersonense (F.Br.) Fosberg & Sachet

ENGLISH : Henderson island sandalwood, Pitcairn island sandalwood.

FRENCH : Santal de l’Île Henderson, Santal de l’Île Pitcairn.


Santalum insulare var. insulare 

ENGLISH : Cook islands sandalwood.

FRENCH : Santal des Îles Cook, Santal des îles de la Société, Santal des îles Australes, Santal de Miti'aro.


Santalum insulare var. marchionense (Skottsb.) Skottsb. 

FRENCH : Santal des Îles Marquises, Santal de Te Henua Ènata.


Santalum insulare var. margaretae (F.Br.) Skottsb. 

FRENCH : Santal de l’Île de Rapa Iti.



Santalum insulare var. raiateense (J.W.Moore) Fosberg & Sachet 

FRENCH : Santal des Îles de la Société, Santal des Îles Sous-le-Vent, Santal de Raʻiātea.



Santalum insulaire var. raivavense F.Br. 

FRENCH : Santal des Îles Sous-le-Vent, Santal des îles Raìvavae, Santal de Gagnivavae, Santal de Vavitū.



Santalum lanceolatum R.Br.

Santalum leptocladum Gand., Santalum megacarpum Gand., Santalum oblongatum R.Br., Santalum venosum R.Br.  

ENGLISH : Blue bush (Aust.), Burdardu, Desert quandong, Desert sandalwood (Aust.)., Northern sandalwood (Aust.).

FRENCH : Bois de santal australien.

PORTUGUESE :  Sândalo, Sândalo-do-norte, Sândalo-verdadeiro.

SPANISH : Quandong del desierto, Sándalo del norte.



Santalum macgregorii F.Muell.

ENGLISH : Indonesian santalum, MacGregor’s santalum, Papua New Guinea santalum, PNG santalum.

MALAY : Minuak cendana (Indonesia).




Santalum murrayanum (T.L.Mitch.) C.A.Gardner 

Eucarya murrayana T.L.Mitch., Fusanus diversifolius Miq., Fusanus persicarius (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth., Mida persicaria (F.Muell.) Kuntze, Santalum diversifolium A.DC., Santalum mitchellii F.Muell., Santalum persicarium F.Muell.

ENGLISH : Bitter quandong (Aust.), Coolyard (Noongar*), Ming.


*Native Aboriginal language.




Santalum obtusifolium R.Br. 

ENGLISH : Australian sandalwood, Blunt sandalwood, Blunt-leaved sandalwood tree.



Santalum paniculatum Hook. & Arn.

Santalum latifolium Meurisse  

ENGLISH : Hawaiian sandalwood, Mountain Sandalwood.

HAWAIIAN : 'Iliahi.



Santalum rubrum hort., nom. illeg. -> Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.


Santalum rubrum is a misnomer. It has been misapplied to a non existing species of Santalum. It is in fact Pterocarpus santalinus. 

An older synonym “Lingoum rubrum” may have led to the confusion. Lingoum rubrum being Pterocarpus indicus (a legitimate synonym) but was attributed various names with “rose”or “red” epithets. The true red sandalwood is Pterocarpus santalinus L. f. (not P. Indicus).



Santalum salicifolium (A.Cunn.) Meurisse -> Mida salicifolia A.Cunn. *



Santalum salicifolium (A.Cunn.) Meurisse *

Fusanus cunninghamii Benth. & Hook.f. ex Kirk, nom. superfl., Fusanus eucalyptoides (A.Cunn.) Druce, Mida cunninghamii Chatin, Mida eucalyptoides A.Cunn., Mida myrtifolia A.Cunn., Mida salicifolia A.Cunn., Mida undulata Colenso, Santalum cunninghamii Hook.f., nom. superfl., Santalum mida Hook., nom. superfl., Santalum salicifolium (A.Cunn.) Meurisse

ENGLISH : New Zealand sandalwood, Maire taiki, Willow-leaved sandalwood tree.

FRENCH : Santal à feuilles de saule, Santal de Nouvelle-Zélande du nord.


*Mida is the preferred name for this species, but it is also the lone species within its genus. So in order to save a page we take the liberty of keeping the old name, and treating Mida as a synonym.





Santalum spicatum A.DC.

Eucarya spicata Sprague & Summerh., Fusanus cignorum Kuntze, Fusanus spicatus R.Br., Fusanus spicatus var. frutescens Hochr., Santalum cygnorum Miq.  

CHINESE : 澳洲檀香  Àozhōu tán xiāng, 大果檀香 Dà guǒ tán xiāng, 穗檀香 Suì tán xiāng, 西澳檀香 Xī ào tán xiāng, 新山檀 Xīnshān tán.

ENGLISH : Australian sandalwood, Sandalwood.

FRENCH : Bois de santal australien, Santal d’Australie.

PORTUGUESE :  Sândalo australiano.

SPANISH : Sándalo australiano.



Santalum yasi Seem

ENGLISH : Brown sandalwood, Fijian Sandalwood, Yasi (Fiji).

FIJIAN : Yasi, Yasi dina.

FRENCH : Bois de santal des Fidji, Santal des îles Fidji,  Bois de santal des Tonga, Santal des îles Tonga.



List of genera 


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