Question and answer

 

The references are barely posted and already the main criticism relates to the following specific topic. (Identity of enquirer has been hidden).

Q. Looks like we have sold out to AI don’t we ?

A. It may look like it but it is far from the reality. I have always stated that AI is not doing a decent job in botanical nomenclature. This does not prevent me from using its online capabilities. I am sometimes pleasantly surprised by the depth of backgound given on some specific botanical topics. Finding a common name to match a scientific name, AI can mostly handle, but pairing a common name with another in a different language is often a disaster. This is explained by the facts that generally sites (or books) dealing with “Botany” neglect the vernacular. Similarly when common names are the focus, the taxonomy is poor or ignored altogether. There are exceptions but not enough of them for AI to exploit.

This is where the “hortibloke” becomes useful by matching the vernacular and science with his “sorting” of names.

A recent flood of enquiries of mine to AI has highlighted another of its weaknesses. Some languages such as Azerbaijani for instance have few online resources, especially botanical texts. This makes AI task difficult.

To complicate matters further, when in its Perso-Arabic script (Azerbaijani Arabic) form, the vocabulary is confused with Persian by translating devices. This is understandable given the closeness of the “two” languages with only regional differences. This is reminiscent of the various languages based on Malay. These  linguistic distinctions are especially important if plant names have to be precisely matched to botanical names.

Q. Why don’t you have anything on avocado, fig etc. Things that are commonly grown ?

 

A. My first answer would be “fair dinkum mate” there are millions of edible plants to cover. Together with their wild relatives, which need to be treated, we are looking at trillions of plants. There is only one person to do the job. Not a robot able to brass giga bits of data. 

All you have to do is post a request and I’ll get going on Avocados, Figs and others as soon as time permits.

The second answer less positive perhaps, is that since I started these updates two years ago it has appeared that the taxonomy shifted a little too much in general. At the same time the taxonomy below the specific level has been neglected by taxonomists. This is in part due to a tendency to reduce the number of species. I recall the outrageous reduction of hundreds of Citrus varieties to less than half a dozen. 

In this context it is sometimes too difficult to deal with cultivar names and cultivar groups. This is the basic information that the horticultural community  needs to know.

 

Fagus - The names

 

Fagus caspica Denk & G.W.Grimm

ENGLISH : Caspian beech, Hyrcanian beech.

JAPANESE : カスピカイブナ Kasupikai buna.

RUSSIAN : Каспийскийn бук Kaspiyskiy buk.

Fagus chienii  W.C.Cheng 

ARMENIAN : Սիչուան հաճարենի Sich’uan hachareni. 

BELARUSIAN : Сычуаньский бук Syčuańskij buk.

CHINESE : 钱氏水青冈 Qián shì shuǐ qīnggāng.

ENGLISH : Chien's beech, Sichuan beech.

RUSSIAN : Сычуаньский бук Sychuan'skiy buk.

Fagus crenata Blume

Fagus asiatica H.J.P.Winkl., Fagus crenata var. grandifolia Nakai, Fagus crenata var. undulata Blume, Fagus ferruginea Siebold, Fagus japonica var. undulata (Blume) Koehne, Fagus sieboldii Endl. ex A.DC., Fagus sieboldii var. undulata (Blume) A.DC., Fagus sylvatica var. sieboldii (Endl. ex A.DC.) Maxim., Fagus winkleriana Koidz. 

ARABIC : فاجوس كريناتا fajus kirinata.

CHINESE : 日本山毛欅 Rìběn shānmáojǔ, 圓齒水青冈 Yuán chǐ shuǐ qīnggāng, 圓齒水青岡 Yuán chǐ shuǐ qīnggāng.

DANISH : Japansk bøg. 

DUTCH : Japanse beuk. 

ENGLISH : Japanese beech, Siebold's beech.

FINNISH : Japaninpyökki. 

FRENCH : Hêtre du Japon. 

GERMAN : Gekerbte Buche, Kerb-Buche.

JAPANESE : ブナ Buna, 橅 Mó.

LATVIAN : Japānas dižskābardis. 

PERSIAN : راش ژاپنی rash japani.

POLISH : Buk karbowany. 

RUSSIAN : Бук городчатый Buk gorodchatyy.

TURKISH : Japon kayını.

UKRAINIAN : Бук японський  Buk yaponsʹkyy.

VIETNAMESE : Dẻ gai Siebold, Sồi trắng Nhật Bản.

Fagus engleriana Seemen ex Diels 

Fagus sylvatica var. chinensis Franch. 

ARABIC : فاجوس انجليريانا fajus anjiliryana.

CHINESE : 米心水青冈 Mǐ xīn shuǐ qīnggāng.

ENGLISH : Chinese beech, Engler's beech.

FINNISH : Kiinanpyökki.

FRENCH : Hêtre chinois, Hêtre de Chine.

GERMAN : Englers Buche.

JAPANESE : シナブナ Shina buna, エングラーブナ Engurā buna.

LATVIAN : Ķīnas dižskābardis.

NORWEGIAN : Kinabøk.

PERSIAN : راش چینی rash chini.

POLISH : Buk Englera.

SPANISH : Haya china.

TURKISH : Çin kayını. 

Fagus grandifolia  Ehrh.

Fagus alba Raf., Fagus americana (Pers.) Sweet, Fagus atropunicea Sudw., Fagus ferruginea Aiton, Fagus grandifolia subsp. grandifolia, Fagus grandifolia var. typica Rehder, not validly publ., Fagus heterophylla Raf., Fagus latifolia Rössig, Fagus nigra Raf., Fagus purpurea Desf., nom. nud., Fagus rotundifolia Raf., Fagus sylvatica var. americana Pers., Fagus sylvestris F.Michx., Fagus virginiana Wesm. 

ENGLISH : American beech, North American beech.

ARABIC : فاجوس جرانديفوليا fajus jrandifulya, زان أمريكي zan 'amrikiun.

ARMENIAN : Ամերիկյան հաճարենի  Amerikyan hachareni.

BULGARIAN : Американския бук Amerikanskiya buk, Едролистен бук Edrolisten buk.

CHINESE : 美洲山毛榉 Měizhōu shānmáojǔ.

CZECH : Buk velkolistý.

DANISH : Amerikansk bøg.

FINNISH : Amerikanpyökki

FRENCH : Hêtre à grandes feuilles, Hêtre américain, Hêtre d'Amérique.

GERMAN : Amerikanische Buche.

HEBREW : אשור אמריקאי ashur amrikai.

HUNGARIAN : Amerikai bükk.

JAPANESE : アメリカブナ Amerika buna.

LATVIAN : Amerikas dižskābardis.

LITHUANIAN : Amerikinis bukas.

LOWER SORBIAN : Ameriski buk.

NORWEGIAN : Amerikabøk

PERSIAN : راش آمریکایی rash amrikayi.

POLISH : Buk amerykański, Buk wielkolistny. 

RUSSIAN : Бук крупнолистный Buk krupnolistnyy.

SLOVENIAN : Ameriška bukev.

TURKISH : Amerika kayını.

UKRAINIAN : Бук великолистковий  Buk velykolystkovyy, Бук американський Buk amerykansʹkyy.

UPPER SORBIAN : Ameriski buk.

Fagus gunnii  Hook. f. -> Nothofagus gunnii (Hook.f.) Oerst. 

Fagus hayatae Palib. ex Hayata

AZERBAIJANI : Tayvan fıstıq. 

BULGARIAN : Тайвански бук Taĭvanski buk. 

CHINESE : 巴山水青冈 Bā shānshuǐ qīnggāng, 臺灣山毛櫸 Táiwān shānmáojǔ, 台湾水青冈 Táiwān shuǐ qīnggāng, 臺灣水青岡 Táiwān shuǐ qīnggāng, 早田氏山毛櫸 Zǎotián shì shānmáojǔ .

ENGLISH : Hayata’s beech, Taiwan beech.

GERMAN : Taiwan-Buche. 

JAPANESE : タイワンブナ Taiwan buna.

LATVIAN : Taivānas dižskābardis.

PERSIAN : راش تایوانی rash taivani.

RUSSIAN : Тайваньский бук Tayvan'skiy buk.

TURKISH : Tayvan kayını. 

UKRAINIAN : Тайванський бук Tayvansʹkyy buk.

Fagus hohenackeriana Palib.

Fagus hohenackeri Palib. ex Grossh., orth. var., Fagus sylvatica subsp. hohenackeriana (Palib.) C.F.Shen, not validly publ. 

ARMENIAN : Ֆագուս Հոհենակերիանա Fagus Hohenakeriana.

ENGLISH : Caucasian beech, Hohenacker's beech.

JAPANESE : ファグス・ホーヘナッケリアナ Fagusu hōhenakkeriana, コーカサスブナ Kōkasasu buna.

RUSSIAN : Кавказский бук Kavkazskiy buk.

SPANISH : Haya del Cáucaso.

Fagus japonica Maxim.

Fagus japonica var. pleiosperma Hayashi

ARABIC : زان ياباني zan yabaniun.

ARMENIAN : Ճապոնական հաճարենի Japonakan hachareni.

AZERBAIJANI : فاجوس جابونيكا 

BULGARIAN : Японски бук Yaponski buk.

CHINESE : 犬山毛欅 Quǎn shānmáojǔ, 日本水青岡 Rìběn shuǐ qīnggāng.

ENGLISH : Japanese beech, Japanese blue beech.

FINNISH : Sinepyökki. 

FRENCH : Hêtre bleu du Japon. 

GERMAN : Japanische Buche. 

JAPANESE : イヌブナ Inubuna, 犬椈 Inu buna, 犬橅  Inu mó,  犬山欅 Inuyama Keyaki, クロブナ Kuro buna.

LATVIAN :  Japānas zilais dižskābardis. 

PERSIAN : راش ژاپنی آبی rash japani abi.

POLISH : Buk japoński. 

RUSSIAN : Бук японский Buk yaponsʹkyy.

VIETNAMESE :  Dẻ gai Nhật Bản, Dẻ gai xanh Nhật Bản.

Fagus longipetiolata Seemen -> Fagus sinensis Oliv. 

Fagus lucida Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Fagus lucida var. opienica Y.T.Chang, Fagus nayonica Y.T.Chang 

ARABIC : فاجوس لوسيدا fajus lusida.

CHINESE : 光叶水青冈 Guāngyè shuǐqīnggāng, 光葉水青岡 Guāngyè shuǐqīnggāng, 亮叶水青冈 Liàngyè shuǐqīnggāng.

GERMAN : Glänzende Buche. 

JAPANESE : テリハブナ Teriha buna.

PERSIAN :  راش درخشان rash darkhshan.

FINNISH : Kiiltopyökki

POLISH : Buk lśniący

TURKISH : Parıltılı kayın

UKRAINIAN : Бук сяючий Buk syayuchyy.

Fagus mexicana  Martínez

Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana (Martínez) A.E.Murray, Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana (Martínez) Little

ENGLISH : Mexican beech.

FRENCH : Hêtre mexicain.

JAPANESE : メキシコブナ Mekishiko buna.

PERSIAN : راش مکزیکی rash mexici.

SPANISH : Haya mexicana, Haya de Zacualtipán de Ángeles.

Fagus orientalis Lipsky 

Fagus macrophylla (Hohen. ex A.DC.) Koidz., non Unger, Fagus orientalis var. dentata V.V.Byalt & Firsov, Fagus pyramidalis Litv., Fagus sieboldii var. asiatica (A.DC.) Koehne, Fagus sieboldii var. macrophylla (Hohen. ex A.DC.) Koehne, Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greuter & Burdeta, Fagus sylvatica var. asiatica A.DC., Fagus sylvatica var. macrophylla Hohen. ex A.DC. 

ARABIC : فاجوس اورينتاليس fajus awrintalis.

ARMENIAN : Հաճարենի արևելյան Hachareni arevelyan.

AZERBAIJANI : Şərq fıstığı.

BELARUSIAN : Бук усходні Buk uschodni. 

BULGARIAN : Източен бук Iztochen buk.

CZECH : Buk východní.

DANISH : Orientalsk bøg.

DUTCH : Kaukasische beuk, Oosterse beuk.

ENGLISH : Oriental beech.

FINNISH : Idänlehtopyökki, Idänpyökki.

FRENCH : Hêtre d'Orient.

GERMAN : Orient-Buche, Orient-Buchen.

HUNGARIAN : Keleti bükk.

JAPANESE : コーカサスブナ Kōkasasu buna.

GEORGIAN : აღმოსავლური წიფელი aghmosavluri ts’ipeli.

LATVIAN : Kaukāza dižskābardis.

MACEDONIAN : Источна бука Istočna buka.

NORWEGIAN : Orientbøk.

PERSIAN : راش شرقی rash sharghi.

POLISH : Buk wschodni.

RUSSIAN : Бук восточный Buk vostochnyy.

SPANISH : Haya del Asia Menor, Haya oriental.

TURKISH : Doğu kayını.

UKRAINIAN : Бук східний Buk skhidnyy.

VIETNAMESE : Sồi phương Đông

Fagus pashanica C.C.Yang

Fagus hayatae subsp. pashanica (C.C.Yang) R.Peter ex J.Q.Li, Fagus hayatae var. zhejiangensis M.C.Liu & M.H.Wu ex Y.T.Chang & C.C.Huang 

ARMENIAN : Ֆագուս պաշանիկա Fagus pashanika.

CHINESE : 帕氏水青冈 Pàshì shuǐqīnggāng, 帕沙尼卡水青冈 Pà shā ní kǎ shuǐ qīnggāng.

FRENCH : Hêtre de montagne chinois.

JAPANESE : パシャニカブナ Pashanica buna.

Fagus sinensis Oliv. 

Fagus bijiensis Y.T.Wei & Y.T.Chang, Fagus brevipetiolata Hu, Fagus clavata Y.T.Chang, Fagus longipetiolata Seemen, Fagus longipetiolata f. clavata (Y.T.Chang) Y.T.Chang, Fagus longipetiolata f. yunnanica Y.T.Chang, Fagus sylvatica var. longipes Oliv., Fagus tientaiensis Liou 

ARABIC : فاجوس سينينسيس fajus sininsis.

BULGARIAN : Южнокитайски бук Yuzhnokitaĭski buk (as F. longipetiolata).

CHINESE : 水青冈 Shuǐ qīnggāng,  水青岡 Shuǐ qīnggāng. 

ENGLISH : Long-petiole beech, South Chinese beech.

FRENCH : Hêtre du sud de la Chine.

GERMAN : Chinesische Buche.

JAPANESE : ナガエブナ Nagae buna.

LATVIAN : Dienvidķīnas dižskābardis (as F. longipetiolata).

PERSIAN : راش جنوب چین rash jenob chin.

RUSSIAN : Бук длинночерешковый Buk dlinnochereishkovyy (as F. longipetiolata), Бук китайский Buk kitayskiy.

TURKISH : Güney Çin kayını.

UKRAINIAN : Бук південнокитайський Buk pivdennokytaysʹkyy (as F. longipetiolata).

VIETNAMESE : Sồi cánh.

Fagus sylvatica L. (77 synonyms).

Fagus aspleniifolia (Dum.Cours.) Raf., nom. illeg., Fagus cochleata (Dippel) Domin, Fagus comptoniifolia Desf., nom. nud., Fagus cuprea Hurter ex A.DC., pro syn., Fagus echinata Gilib., Fagus incisa Dippel, pro syn., Fagus laciniata A.DC., pro syn., Fagus moesiaca (K.Malý) Czeczott, Fagus purpurea (Aiton) Dum.Cours., Fagus sylvestris Gaertn., Fagus tortuosa (Dippel) F.Boden 

ARABIC : الزان الشائع alzaan alshaayie, زان أوروبي zan 'uwrubiyun

ARMENIAN : Անտառային հաճարենի Antarrayin hachareni, Հաճարենի անտառային Hachareni antarrayin.

AZERBAIJANI : Meşə fıstığı مئشه فیستیغی

BELARUSIAN : Бук еўрапе́йскі Buk jeŭrapiéjski, Бук лясны Buk liasny.

BULGARIAN : Обикновен бук Obiknoven buk.

CATALAN : Faig, Faig bosquer.

CHINESE : 欧洲山毛榉 Ōuzhōu shānmáojǔ, 歐洲山毛櫸 Ōuzhōu shānmáojǔ.

CROATIAN : Obična bukva 

CZECH : Buk lesní

DANISH : Almindelig bøg.

DUTCH : Beuk.

ENGLISH : Common beech, European beech.

ESTONIAN : Harilik pöök

FINNISH : Euroopanpyökki, Lehtopyökki, Pyökki. 

FRENCH : Hêtre commun.

GEORGIAN : ევროპული ჭყონი evrop’uli ch’q’oni.

GERMAN : amerikanische Rotbuche, Gewöhnliche Buche, Rot-Buche, Rotbuche.

GREEK : Ευρωπαϊκή οξιά Evropaïkí oxiá.

HEBREW : אשור אירופי ashur irofi. 

HUNGARIAN : Európai bükk 

ICELANDIC : Skógarbeyki

ITALIAN : Fagaro (Veneto), Faghèra (Veneto), Faggio d'America, Fajo (Veneto).

JAPANESE : ヨーロッパブナ Yōroppa buna.

KOREAN : 유럽너도밤나무 yuleobneodobam namu.

LATVIAN : Eiropas dižskābardis 

LITHUANIAN : Paprastasis bukas. 

LOWER SERBIAN : Cerwjeny buk. 

MACEDONIAN : Обична бука Obična buka, Обичната бука Običnata buka.

MALAY : Bewuk Eropa, Bewuk biasa (Indonesia).

MALAYALAM : ഫാഗസ് സിൽവറ്റിക്ക faagas silvattikka.

NORWEGIAN : Bøk.

PERSIAN : راش اروپایی rash oropayi.

POLISH : Buk zwyczajny. 

PORTUGUESE : Faia-europeia, Faia-americana.

ROMANIAN : Fag. 

RUSSIAN : Бук европейский Buk yevropeyskiy.

SERBIAN : Обична буква Obična bukva. 

SLOVAKIAN : Buk lesný.

SLOVENIAN : Navadna bukev.

SPANISH : Haya americana.

SWEDISH : Bok.

TURKISH : Avrupa kayını.

UKRAINIAN : Бук звичайний Buk zvychaynyy.

UPPER SORBIAN : Lěsny buk.

VIETNAMESE : Dẻ gai châu Âu.