{width: 1000px;} Polyglotic Lexicography

Thursday, June 18, 2026

Saraca - The names

 


Saraca arborescens Burm.f.  -> Saraca indica L. 



Saraca asoca (Roxb.) W.J. de Wilde 

Jonesia asoca Roxb., Jonesia confusa Hassk., Saraca confusa (Hassk.) Backer 

ARABIC : شجرة أشوكا shajarat 'ashuka.

ASSAMESE : অশোক ফুল Asok ful.

BENGALI : অশোক ফুল Asok ful, অশোক উদ্ভিদ asok udbhid.

CHINESE : 火焰花 Huǒyàn huā, 无忧花 Wú yōu huā (flower), 无忧树 Wú yōu shù (tree), 無憂樹 Wú yōu shù, 印度无忧花 Yìndù wú yōu huā.

DHIVEHI : ނިކަބިލިއްސަގަސް Nicabilissagas (Maldives).

ENGLISH : Ashoka tree.

FINNISH : Temppeliasoka.

FRENCH : Arbre ashoka, Ashoka.

GERMAN : Ashokabaum.

GUJARATI : અશોક ashok, અશોક વનસ્પતિ ashok vanaspati.

HINDI : अशोक वृक्ष ashok vriksh.

HUNGARIAN : Hindu asókafa. 

ITALIAN : Albero d'ashoka.

JAPANESE : アショーカ Ashōka, 無憂樹 Mūju, ムユウジュ Muyūju.

KANNADA : ಅಶೋಕ  Aśōka, Ashoka mara, ಅಶೋಕ ವೃಕ್ಷ Aśōka vr̥kṣa.

KOREAN :  사라카 아소카  salaka asoka.

MALAY : Asoka, Bunga asoka (flower), Kembang asoka (flower), Pohon asoka (Indonesia).

MALAYALAM : അശോകം ashokam.

MARATHI : अशोक वृक्ष 

NEPALESE : अशोक वृक्ष 

ORIYA : ଅଶୋକ ଗଛ asoka gachha.

POLISH : Saraka. 

PORTUGUESE : Açoca. 

PUNJABI : ਅਸ਼ੋਕ Aśōka, ਅਸ਼ੋਕ ਦਰੱਖਤ Aśōka darakhata.

RUSSIAN : Ашока Ashoka, Дерево ашока Derevo ashoka, Индийская ашока Indiyskaya ashoka, Огненный цветок Ognennyy tsvetok, Сарака ашока Saraka ashoka, Сарака индийская Saraka indiyskaya.

SANSKRIT : अङ्गनाप्रिया Anganapriya, Apashaka, अशोक Ashoka, अशोकवृक्षः ashokavrukshah, 

गंधपुष्प gaMdhapuSpa, गण्डपुष्पम् gandapuspam, गन्धपुष्पम् gandhapuspam, गन्धपुष्पधूपदीप gandhapuṣpadhūpadīpa, Hemapushpa, Madhupushpa, Pindapushpa, पिण्डीपुष्प Pindipushpa, वञ्जुल Vanjula, विचित्र Vichitra, Vishoka.

SINHALESE : දියරතඔලා diyarataolā.

TAMIL :  ஆயில aayila, அசோகு  asoagu, அசோகம் asokam, பிண்டி pindi, செயலை seyalai.

TELUGU : అశోకవృక్షం asokavruksham.

THAI : อโศกน้ำ à-sŏh-gà-nám, โสก sòhk, โสกน้ำ sŏh-gà-nám.

TULU : ಅಶೋಕ ಮರ Aśōka mara.

UKRAINIAN : Ашока Ashoka, Ашока рослина Ashoka roslyna, Дерево ашока Derevo ashoka.

URDU : اشوک رکھ Ashok rakh.

VIETNAMESE : Cây Vàng anh lá nhỏ, Cây vô ưu. 



120px-Saraca_cauliflora_28229305783229.jpeg Photo Suresh Aru

Saraca cauliflora Baker

Saraca thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain

CHINESE : 黃花無憂樹 Huánghuā wú yōu shù (Hong Kong).

ENGLISH : Yellow ashok, Yellow ashoka, Yellow saraca.

FRENCH : Ashoka cauliflore.

MALAY : Gapis, Gapis batang, Gapis golak, Gapis kunyit, Kapeh beruk, Kapih air, Pokok kapih biasa.

PORTUGUESE : Sáraca-tangerina (Brazil).

THAI : โสกเหลือง  sòhk-lĕuuang.




Saraca celebica W.J. de Wilde

ARABIC : ساراكة سولاوسية sarakat swlawsia.

CHINESE : 垂枝无忧树 Chuí zhī wú yōu shù, 垂枝無懮樹 Chuí zhī wú yōu shù, 广布无忧花 Guǎng bù wú yōu huā, 无忧花 Wú yōu huā.

ENGLISH : Sulawesi ashoka.

MALAY : Sejenis ashoka (Indonesia).

THAI : แดงโสกน้ำ daeng sŏh-gà-nám. 




Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq.

Jonesia declinata Jack, Jonesia javanica Blume ex Miq., pro syn., Jonesia macroptera Miq., pro syn., Jonesia palembanica Miq., Saraca biglandulosa Pierre, Saraca crassifolia Ridl., Saraca elegans Ridl., Saraca elmeri Ridl., Saraca lanceolata Merr., Saraca longistyla Ridl., Saraca macroptera Miq., Saraca macroptera var. parviflora Prain, Saraca palembanica (Miq.) Baker, Saraca thorelii Gagnep., Saraca zollingeriana Miq.

ARABIC : ساراكة منثية sarakat manthia.

BURMESE : သော်ဂဘို thawgabo.

CHINESE : 红花无忧花 Hóng huā wú yōu huā.

ENGLISH : Red saraca, Sorrowless tree.

JAPANESE :  サラカ・デクリナタ Saraka dekurinata.

MALAY : Babai (Sarawak), Dulanut (Sabah), Gapis daun kecil, Gapis merah, Jambakia (Sabah), Kachang kachang, Kahuruan, Langsat monyet, Pokok kapih, Tudung periuk. 

POLISH : Saraka zgięta.

THAI : แดงโสกน้ำ daeng sŏh-gà-nám, โสกเขา sòhk kăo.

VIETNAMESE : Vàng anh hoa nhỏ, Thô.



 



Saraca dives Pierre

CHINESE : 中國無憂花 Zhōngguó wú yōuhuā (Hong Kong).

ENGLISH : Common saraca (Hong Kong).

VIETNAMESE : Cây hoa cam, Cây mép mé, Cây Vàng anh, Vàng anh.




Saraca griffithiana Prain

CHINESE : 云南无忧花 Yúnnán wú yōu huā.

ENGLISH : Yunnan ashoka.

JAPANESE : サラカ・グリフィシアナ Saraka gurifishiana.



Saraca hullettii Prain

HINDI : सरका फुरेटी sarka fureti.

JAPANESE : サラカ・フレッティ Saraka furetti.




Saraca indica L. 

Jonesia minor Zoll. & Moritzi, Jonesia pinnata Willd., Saraca arborescens Burm.f., Saraca bijuga Prain, Saraca harmandiana Pierre, Saraca kunstleri Prain, Saraca lobbiana Baker, Saraca minor (Zoll. & Moritzi) Miq., Saraca pierreana Craib 

CHINESE : 及無憂花 Jí wú yōu huā (Hong Kong), 是無憂樹 Jí wú yōu shù (Taiwan). 无忧树 Wú yōu shù, 印度无忧树 Yìndù wú yōu shù.

ENGLISH : Asoka tree, Ashoka tree, False ashoka.

JAPANESE : インディアン・サラカ Indian saraka.

MALAY : Asoka biasa, Gapis (Singapore).

RUSSIAN : Сарака индийская Saraka indiyskaya.

THAI : กาแปะห์ไอย์ gaa-bpàe-ai (Southern Thailand) ชุมแสงน้ำ chum-săeng-nám (Yala) ตะโดลีเต๊าะ dtà-doh-lee-dtór (Pattani) ส้มสุก sôm-sùk (Northern Thailand), โสกน้ำ sŏh-gà-nám (Suratthani).

VIETNAMESE : Hoa vô ưu, Vàng anh hoa nhỏ, Vô ưu, Vô ưu thụ (無憂樹), Vô ưu hoa (無憂花).






Saraca laotica Tagane & Souladeth

ENGLISH : Lao ashoka.

FRENCH : Ashoka du Laos.



Saraca minor (Zoll. & Moritzi) Miq. -> Saraca indica L. 




Saraca monadelpha W.J. de Wilde

RUSSIAN : Сарака монодельфа Saraka monodel'fa.



Saraca pierreana Craib -> Saraca indica L. 



Saraca schmidiana J.E.Vidal

HINDI : सरका श्मिडियाना sarka shmidiana.

JAPANESE : サラカ・シュミディアナ Saraka shumidiana.



Saraca thailandica Pongam., Panyadee & Inta

ENGLISH : Thai ashoka.

FRENCH : Ashoka thaïlandais.

JAPANESE : サラカ・タイランディカ Saraka tairandika.

THAI : โสกเหลืองแม่เมย sòhk-lĕuuang mâe moiie, ta na (Karen).




Saraca thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain -> Saraca cauliflora Baker




Saraca tubiflora W.J. de Wilde

RUSSIAN : Сарака трубчатоцветная Saraka trubčatocvietnaja.



Saraca zollingeriana Miq. -> Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq.




Monday, June 15, 2026

Andisomeles

 


Anisomeles ajugacea (F.M.Bailey & F.Muell.) A.R.Bean

Teucrium ajugaceum F.M.Bailey & F.Muell.

ARMENIAN : Անիսկոմելես ազյուգաչեա Aniskomeles azyugach’ea.

ENGLISH : Australian catmint, Queensland catmint.

JAPANESE : テウクリウム・アジュガセウム Teukuriumu ajugaseumu.

RUSSIAN : Анизомелес аюгацеа Anizomeles ayugatsea.





Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze (28 synonyms)

Anisomeles ovata W.T.Aiton, nom. illeg. superfl., Anisomeles malabarica var. albiflora Hassk., Epimeredi indicus (L.) Rothm., Marrubium indicum (L.) Burm.f., Nepeta indica L.

BENGALI : Apang, গোবুরা Gobura, গোলাপি গোবুরা golapi gobura, Gopali.

CHINESE : 防风草 Fángfēng cǎo, 广风 Guǎng fēng, 广防风 Guǎng fángfēng, 金劍草 Jīn jiàn cǎo, 落马衣 Luòmǎ yī, 马衣叶 Mǎ yī yè, 土防风 Tǔ fángfēng, 淫羊藿 Yín yáng huò, 魚針草 Yú zhēn cǎo.

ENGLISH : Indian catmint.

HINDI : काला भंग्रा Kala bhangra, Gobara.

JAPANESE : ブゾロイバナ  Buzoroibana.

KANNADA : ಹೆಣ್ಣುಕರಿತುಂಬೆ Hennu kari tumbe, ಹುಚ್ಚುಮುಟ್ಟೆ Hucchumutte, ಮಂಗಮಾರಿ Mangamaari.

KONKANI : गोपाली Gopali.

LAOTIAN : ສານງາ San nga.

MALAY : Babadotan, Bandotan, Celangking (Java, Indonesia), Ki hileud, Patuk bangkong.

MALAYALAM : ചെടയൻ chedayan.

MANIPURI : থোইদিঙ অঙৌবা Thoiding angouba.

MANOBO :  Sawang-sawang (Northern & Central Mindanao).

MARATHI : गोपाली Gopali.

NEPALESE : रातो चारपाते  Rātō cārapātē.

RUSSIAN : Анизомелес индийский Anizomeles indiyskiy.

SINHALESE : වලාස් එන‍්දිරිය Walas endiriya, වලස් ඉදිරිය Walas-idiriya, යක් වනස්ස Yak wanassa. 

SLOVAKIAN : Kocúrnikovec indický.

SUNDANESE : Patuk bangkong.

TAGALOG : Kabling-lalake, Kabling-parang, Talingharap.

TELUGU : అదబీర Adabeera.

THAI : กอมก้อห้วย gor má-gôr hûuay (kombo huai, northern thailand), สาบเสือ sàap sĕuua (central thailand)), หญ้าฝรั่ง yâa fà-ràng (sth. east Thailand). 

VIETNAMESE : Cỏ thiến thảo,  Dị phần ấn, Dị thần, Dị thần ấn, Phòng phong thảo, Sơn kiểm, Thiên thảo, Thổ hoắc hương.





Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br. ex Sims

Ajuga fruticosa Roxb., nom. illeg. superfl., Craniotome mauritianum (Pers.) Bojer, Epimeredi malabaricus (L.) Rothm., Nepeta malabarica L., Nepeta pallida Salisb., nom. illeg. superfl., Stachys mauritiana Pers. 

ENGLISH : Malabar catmint.

HINDI : Codhara, Gopoli.

KANNADA : Gandubirana gida, ಕರಿತುಮ್ಬೀ Karitumbi.

KONKANI : Kaktumbo.

MALAYALAM : കരിന്തുമ്പ Karimthumba, Karintumpa, Karithumba, Perumtumpa, പെരുന്തുമ്പ perunthumba.

MARATHI : गोजिभा Gojibha.

ORIYA : ବୈକୁଣ୍ଠ  Vaikuntha.

RUSSIAN : Анизомелес малабарский Anizomeles malabarskiy.

SANSKRIT : महाद्रोणः Mahadronah, वैकुंठः Vaikunthah.

TAMIL : Aruvaachadachi, பேய் மிரட்டி pei miratti, பேய் விரட்டி pei viratti, பெருந்தும்பை perunthumbai, Peyimarutti.

TELUGU : Mogabheri, Moga-biran.