This kind of file was extremely popular and appreciated by many when it came via a University site. Let’s hope that coming from the same author via a public site, it will generate at least one or two comments in the space provided.
Site references, with annotations
This collection of sources of names is made from the very biased viewpoint of an avid name seeking individual.
Some people would not consider a number of these sources as “references”, based on hundreds of reference lists in print and on online publications.
80 + sets of references / sources sorted on languages.
A number of the adresses listed apply to just a group of plants, but most sites will allow further searches.
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BOTANICAL LATIN
(Scientific names)
Plants of the World Online (POWO)
< https://powo.science.kew.org >.
99% of valid botanical names and their botanical synonyms, back up is available on WFO.
World Flora Online (WFO)
< https://www.worldfloraonline.org >.
99% of valid botanical names and their botanical synonyms, back up is available on POWO.
The following provide explanations for the sometimes obscure Botanical Latin language.
Wikipedia . List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematics.
< https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_and_Greek_words_commonly_used_in_systematic_names>. Together with C. Griffith can help deciphering botanical names.
Charles Griffith, 2019 - 2025
Dictionary of Botanical Epithets
Much useful reference when navigating through the botanical Latin.
The Horticulturists. How to understand Botanical plant names! A Latin master class with Stephen Ryan. English Video.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=n6pM1iB3bg8
A practical down to earth demonstration of the trickeries of botanical names.
Bible of botany. < https://bibleofbotany.com/index/glossary-introduction/glossary-a-l/ >. The most complete listing of botanical epithets . Botanical Latin, unfortunately limited to names starting with a and b.
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When it comes to vernacular the prime source of names is the Wikipedia community.
A second but growing source is Google A.I. this works as a good assistant, but mistakes occur, so all the sites below can be used to check the validity of the answers.
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AFRIKAANS
SANBI - South African National Biodiversity Institute.
< https://pza.sanbi.org/plants/search/advanced >. Afrikaans & other African languages.
AFRIKAANS index of plant names on Wikipedia.
< https://af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetiese_lys_van_Suid-Afrikaanse_bome >. Afrikaans & English names.
South African Herbs Used for Cancer Therapy in Rural Areas.
Pakiso Moses Makhoahle. 2022.
< https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/85161 >.
Rich in African vocabulary.
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AFRICAN LANGUAGES
< https://www.mozambiqueflora.com/ >. The following are interconnected. Currently very few common names are on offer, but the future looks good.
Flora of Botswana, Flora of Burundi, Flora of Caprivi, Flora of the DRC, Flora of Malawi, Flora of Mozambique, Flora of Zambia, Flora of Zimbabwe
Alexandre Kimenyi. Rwandan Plant Names : Evidence for the Iconicity of Language.
< https://igituba1.wordpress.com/author/bangambiki/page/743/ >.
Comprehensive listing of Kinyarwanda names.
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ALBANIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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AMHARIC
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
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ARMENIAN
Pharmacy, searchable database.
< https://www.pharm.am/attachments/article/7999/Bararan_Searchable.pdf >.
Bedevian, Armenag K.
Illustrated polyglottic dictionary of plant names : in Latin, Arabic, Armenian, English, French, German, Italian and Turkish languages.
Cairo: Angus & Papazian presses. 1936.
Remakable book by a mentor I would have greatly appreciated.
Archived online at :
< https://archive.org/details/BDV1994LAAR/page/n189/mode/2up >.
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
USEFUL TOOLS
Voilà Translate Latin to Armenian (+ a number of non roman languages).
< https://www.getvoila.ai/ai-translate/latin-to-armenian >.
List.am - Armenian Marketplace
< https://www.list.am/en/item/19640491 >. Armenian names
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ARABIC
Bedevian, Armenag K.
Illustrated polyglottic dictionary of plant names : in Latin, Arabic, Armenian, English, French, German, Italian and Turkish languages.
Cairo: Angus & Papazian presses. 1936.
Remakable book by a mentor I would have greatly appreciated.
Archived online at :
< https://archive.org/details/BDV1994LAAR/page/n189/mode/2up >.
Lebanon Flora. < http://lebanon-flora.org/species.php?id_pl=1648 >.
Glosbe < https://glosbe.com/en/ar/Euphorbia >. Arabic, multilingual.
USEFUL TOOLS
Xavier Nègre © Lexilogos 2002-2023, Arabic Keyboard online.
< https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/arabic.htm >.
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ASSAMESE
Xobdo.org. Online community resource, dictionary.
< https://www.xobdo.org/alpha?l=2&p=32 >.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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AZERBAIJANI
(2 scripts)
Flora of Azerbaijan.
Limited number of names.
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BELARUSIAN
BAČOVÁ Mária, Katedra rusistiky Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Konštantina Filozofa v Nitre. 2022.
< https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/09131053218-227-latinsko-slovensko-cesko-rusko-bielorusky-slovnik-ofic-nazvov-liecivych-rastlin-7cast.pdf >. Bielorusian, Czech, Russian, Slovenian names.
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BENGALI
IDAO Multimedia Approach to Computer Aided Identification.
< https://idao.cirad.fr/species?search=all >.
Multilingual, on the Biotik model. Bengali, English, Hindi, Urdu.
Flora of Bengal (বাংলার উদ্ভিদকুল)
< https://bengalsearchs.com/flora-of-bengal/?amp=1 >. comprehensive list of romanised Bengali names.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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BOSNIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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BOTANICAL LATIN
Charles (Chuck) Griffith, 2019 - 2026. Dictionary of Botanical Epithets.
< https://botanicalepithets.net/dictionary/dictionary.172.html >.
Wikipedia List of descriptive plant species epithets (A–H)
< https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_descriptive_plant_species_epithets_(A–H) >.
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BULGARIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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BURMESE
U Pe Than, U Kyaw Tun, & staff of TIL , 2005, Myanmar Medicinal Plants , Tun Institute of Learning (TIL), Incl. U Hla Maw, 1959, A List of Burmese Medicinal Plants1, Pharmaceuticals Section, Applied Chemistry, Research Department, Union of Burma Applied Research Institute.
< https://www.tuninst.net/MMPD/TIL/famM/Mimosaceae.htm >. For many years was the number one source of a limited number of Burmese plant names. Still a great reference. Scipted Burmese still in pict. form but readable and romanised version is also given.
DeFilipps Robert A. & Krupnick Gary A. 2018. The Medicinal Plants of Myanmar. Department of Botany. National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution. USA.
< https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/387f76e8-c15e-47cc-84ff-fc7c33ff684c/PubMedCentral/387f76e8-c15e-47cc-84ff-fc7c33ff684c.pdf >. Substantial number of species covered but Burmese names are only given in romanised form.
Medicinal Plants of Myanmar. Ministry of Health. Deparment of Traditional Medicine.
< Medicinal Plants of Myanmar. Ministry of Health >. Names in Burmese script but limited number of species.
USEFUL TOOLS
ushuaia.pl 2024. Projekt Transliteracja / Transkrypcja
< https://www.ushuaia.pl/transliterate/?ln=en >.
Online transliterations. Burmese to romanised form. Really good and simple to use but only allows pasting in of words.
Burmese Transliteration.
< https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/my/transliterate/ >.
Transliterates Burmese. Allows typing or pasting in of words.
Xavier Nègre © Lexilogos 2002-2023, Burmese Keyboard online.
< https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/burmese.htm >.
Please note that this diacritic င်္ is missing.
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CATALAN
EUROplusMED Plant database.
< https://europlusmed.org >. Catalan, Spanish names.
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CHINESE
Flora of China Online
http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2
Chinese names and pinyin without tone marks are given. Surprisingly a lot of Chinese names cannot be found there.
Hong Kong Herbarium.
< https://www.herbarium.gov.hk/en/hk-plant-database/plant-detail/index.html?pType=species&oID=5210 >. Cantonese names.
Shiu-Ying Hu Herbarium.
School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
https://syhuherbarium.sls.cuhk.edu.hk/
Hong Kong Chinese names with very detailed descriptions of species.
David Zelený (澤大衛)
Taiwan checklist (TAIBON), Sorted alphabetically by Latin name.
< https://www.davidzeleny.net/wiki/doku.php/vegsurvey:checklist >.
Taiwanese plant names. A few rare characters need some work to reproduce them (typing or from online databases).
iPlant.cn Plant Intelligence - China Plant + Species Information System. 2009-2023. National Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Characteristic Economic Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
< http://www.iplant.cn/info/Pinanga >.
Chinese names of Pinanga species.
USEFUL TOOLS
Xavier Nègre © Lexilogos 2002-2023, Chinese Keyboard online.
< https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/chinese.php >.
Alternatively
Arch Chinese
< https://www.archchinese.com/type_chinese.html >.
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CROATIAN
Let’s learn Croatian
< https://www.letslearncroatian.com/home/episode-117 >.
Includes some plant names.
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CZECH
Herbar
File to view or download as .pdf
< https://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/~kocna/flowr_my/herbar_web.xls >.
Czech names. Huge index
BAČOVÁ Mária, Katedra rusistiky Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Konštantina Filozofa v Nitre. 2022.
< https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/09131053218-227-latinsko-slovensko-cesko-rusko-bielorusky-slovnik-ofic-nazvov-liecivych-rastlin-7cast.pdf >. Bielorusian, Czech, Russian, Slovenian names.
Encyklopedie akvarijních ryb. 2008.
< https://akvaencyklopedie.webnode.cz/encyklopedie-akvarijnich-rostlin/ >. Czech names.
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DANISH
Multilingual European Flora Dictionary at megabyte_data
Plant names in Danish
< http://www.megabytedata.com/MB054/getlist.asp?lang=DK&langname=Danish > .
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DUTCH
Multilingual European Flora Dictionary at megabyte_data
Plant names in Dutch
< http://www.megabytedata.com/MB054/getlist.asp?lang=NL&langname=Dutch >.
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ENGLISH
Wikipedia, List of plants by common (English) name.
< https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_by_common_name >.
Atlas of Living Australia (ALA).
ALA is the Australian node and a full voting member of GBIF – the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
< https://bie.ala.org.au/species/https://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2908091 >.
Australian Plant Name Index - APNI
Australian National Botanic Gardens and Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra. Last updated: 2 February, 2024
Including Cultivar Names & Common Names.
< https://www.anbg.gov.au/apni/ >.
David Callighan. The Bible of Botany - Australian Natives Common & Latin name Index. 2026.
< https://bibleofbotany.com/common-name-index/ >. Australian English & Aboriginal names.
iNaturalistil
Australian Plant Name Index - Common Names - 2020.
< https://israel.inaturalist.org >.
One of the most complete listings with botanical and matching common names.
A list of Aboriginal Plant Names in the Dharawal language by Elder Aunty Barb Simms
< https://www.dharawalwords.com.au/plants >.
Noongar names for plants from "Aboriginal Names for Plant Species in South-Western Australia" by Dr Ian Abbott (Forest Department of Western Australia Technical Paper No 5, 1983).
< https://web.archive.org/web/20161120071826/http://www.kippleonline.net/bobhoward/plantsframe.html>.
Weeds of Australia.
< https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/index.htm#N >.
Rhonda Daniels, 2020. Demystifying native plant names – an introduction. Auatralian Plants Society NSW.
< https://resources.austplants.com.au/stories/demystifying-native-plant-names-an-introduction/ >.
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ESTONIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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FINNISH
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FRENCH
La Vie Re-Belle | 2018 · 2024.
< http://lavierebelle.org/plantes-medicinales?lang=fr >. French, African languages and more.
Feelings and Flowers. Accessed Feb. 2024.
< https://fr.feelingsandflowers.com/acacia-trees-types-leaves >.
Past pages of advertising, A good site with few French names but some not so well translated from English.
SOCIÉTÉ FRANÇAISE D'ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIE
PLANTES MÉDICINALES ET PHARMACOPÉES TRADITIONNELLES
< https://www.ethnopharmacologia.org >. French names.
Jean-Philippe Castillon and Jean-Bernard Castillon "A propos de quelques noms oubliés dans le genre Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) à Madagascar," Candollea 71(1), 149-158, (1 June 2016). https://doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a18 Published: 1 June 2016. French
Canadensys. Université de Montréal, Biodiversity Centre.
< https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/search >. Canadian French.
Nature & Jardin . L’Encyclopédie. Société des Gens de Lettres. 2000 - 2025
< http://nature.jardin.free.fr/fiches-generales.html >. French names, rich vocabulary.
Fleurs Sauvages du Quebec. 2025.
< https://www.fleursduquebec.com/encyclopedie/1799-grand-nenuphar-jaune.html >.
TERMIUM Plus.
< https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca >. French Canadian.
Xycol: La nomenclature scientifique et vernaculaire des ligneux
< https://xycol.net >. (Wood database with linguistic details).
My Botanique par Annie Claude Bolomier.
< https://www.annie-claude-bolomier.fr >.
Hundreds of accurate French names.
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GEORGIAN
David A.Mchedlishvili, 2008.
National Parliamentary Library of Georgia. Dictionaries.
http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php
Georgian vocabulary.
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
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GERMAN
Hortipedia.com Kategorie Akazie (German index).
https://de.hortipedia.com/Kategorie_Akazie
tri-lingual site(s) English, French, German .
Flora von Deutschland. Thomas Meyer.
< http://blumeninschwaben.de/Zweikeimblaettrige/Wolfsmilchgewaechse/cham_kahl.htm >. German
Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 25.08; last update August 18th, 2025. < www.worldplants.de >. Great detailed taxonomic data but very limited French, German, Spanish vernacular.
Plant Compendium. Community based.
< https://pflanzenkompendium.de > . Multilangual German site.
Blume7.de. Das Alphabet der Gattungen.
< https://blume7.de/alphabet.html >. German names illustrated,
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GREEK
Βικιπαίδεια (Greek Wikipedia) Ακακία. Μερικά από τα πιο γνωστά είδη ακακίας και τα ελληνικά τους ονόματα. Accessed Feb. 2024.
< https://el.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ακακία >.
ΒΟΤΑΝΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΚΡΥΟΛΟΓΗΜΑ (VOTANA GIA TO KRYOLOGIMA). Herbs for Colds. Accessed March 2025.
< https://kpe-kastor.kas.sch.gr/biodiversity_net/schools12-13/HERBS_2.pdf >.
Hellenic Flora
< https://hellenicflora.com/2020/04/24/endemics/ >. Greek
Χανιώτικα Νέα. < https://www.haniotika-nea.gr/efforvia/ >. Greek
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GUJARATI
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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HAUSA
Blench, Roger (2007). Hausa names for trees and plants. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
A HAUSA BOTANICAL VOCABULARY . 1916.
JOHN M. DALZIEL, M.D., B.Sc., D.T.M.
West African Medical Staff
< https://www.gutenberg.org/files/74245/74245-h/74245-h.htm >.
The taxonomy is out of date but the vernacular remains valid.
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HEBREW
Ananet’s List of Plants of Israel 2019.
< https://www.kalanit.org.il/israel-flora-kalanit/ >. Hebrew names.
Flora Palaestina Ethnobotany • 2024. SPECIES list.
< https://florapal.org/plant-names-from-florapal/ >.
Arabic, romanised Arabic, Hebrew, romanised Hebrew.
[14] Flora of Israel and adjacent areas. Accessed Jan. 2024
by Prof. Avinoam Danin and Dr. Ori Fragman-Sapir.
< https://flora.org.il/en/plants/ACAFAR/ >.
Hebrew, Arabic.
Sergey Balandin
ФЛОРА ИЗРАИЛЯ - Растения улиц, парков и садов
Травянистые растения (однолетники и многолетники)
(FLORA OF ISRAEL - Plants of streets, parks and gardens
Herbaceous plants (annuals and perennials).
< http://www.balandin.net/Flora/Flora-cult.htm > .
Russian & Hebrew names
Malamant live journal (Community publishing platform), 1999 - 2024
< https://malamant.livejournal.com/820454.html >.
Hebrew & Russian names of Acacias.
Galina Malamant, 2017. Israel cultivated plants - Acacias. A Wordpress blog.
< https://galina-malamant.com/2017/10/17/plants-a/ >.
Hebrew and Russian names.
Wikipedia, based on Flora Palaestina, 1986, edited by Michael Zohary and Naomi Feinbrun-Dothan , 2022.
List of native plants of Flora Palaestina (A–B) to (P-Z).
< https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_native_plants_of_Flora_Palaestina_(A–B) >. 2700 species covered. Some Arabic names included.
USEFUL TOOLS :
Automatic Hebrew Transliteration
< https://www.alittlehebrew.com/transliterate/ >.
< https://nakdanlive.dicta.org.il >.
Introducing vowel markers to Hebrew words, towards accurate romanisation.
MYLANGUAGES.ORG - 2019. Hebrew to Latin Converter, Cleaner.
< https://mylanguages.org/hebrew_romanization.php >.
Complement above data. Both can be used for Hebrew name without vowel marks.
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HINDI & other Indian languages
According to a 2001 census 120 languages are in common use in India, 3500 other local dialects remain.
Tabish Qureshi Flowers of India. Retrieved January 08, 2024.
http://www.m.flowersofindia.net
Names in different languages of India, Native scripts and romanised forms.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
Extremely comprehensive and very detailed compilations of names from various languages of India in both scripted and romanised forms together with etymological details, by the world leader in Indian plant names compiling.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
बागवानीOn / jardineriaon.com
< https://www.jardineriaon.com/hi/herbario-virtual/letra/b >.
Plant index, Hindi sorted.
आचार्य श्री बालकृष्ण Acharya Shri Balkrishna. Euphorbia Hirta. 2018.
< https://www.1mg.com/hi/patanjali/dugdhika-badi-benefits-in-hindi/ >.
USEFUL TOOLS
Xavier Nègre © Lexilogos 2002-2023, Hindi Keyboard online.
Vital tool when in need of spelling corrections, typing or copying names etc. < https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/devanagari.htm >.
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HUNGARIAN
Terebess Ázsia Lexikon
< https://terebess.hu/keletkultinfo/lexikon/boro.html >. Hungarian names
———————————————————————————
ICELANDIC
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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ITALIAN
Giuseppe Mazza, Monaco Nature Encyclopedia. 2003 - 2024
< https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/category/biodiversite-plantes/arecaceae-fr/?lang=fr >. Names in various languages. Restricted range of species.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia and in EPPO.
See also “MULTILINGUAL” section.
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JAPANESE
(4 different scripts)
Plant reference encyclopedia
Nichigai Associates / Kinokuniya Shoten / 2004.1
< https://rnavi.ndl.go.jp/mokuji_html/000004350857.html >.
Japanese names.
GKZ Plant < GKZ植物事典・トップ頁 >.
Front page via Google Translate in English.
< https://gkzplant.sakura.ne.jp/kabetukennsaku/kabetusi/kabetukennsakusi.html >. Thorough treatment of Japanese names, but not a user friendly site. They even make it difficult to quote them as a reference.
Japanese names of Eucalyptus in wikipedia page : ユーカリ
フトモモ目フトモモ科の植物. Accessed March 2027.
< https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ユーカリ > .
Flora of Mikawa.
< https://mikawanoyasou.org/data/inugoma.htm >. Japanese. Thorough treatment of Stachys subsp. and below
えんげいせいかつ Engei Seikatsu, 2021 - 2025.
List of nearly 2,000 rare and unusual Euphorbia species and varieties.
< https://jibun-oyakudachi.com/euphorbia_index/ >. Japanese
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KANNADA
Archived document
Latin and Kannada names of indigenous and medicinal plants of Mysore by S G Narsimhachar. 1952.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————
KASHMIRI
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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KHMER
LTR Farm. On flickr.
< https://www.flickr.com/people/56047685@N02/ >. Most complete collection of Khmer names. Each name is attached to one or several photos, so a lot of browsing is called for.
Navida Pok on Flickr.
< https://www.flickr.com/people/47415530@N02/ >. Original or continuation of LTR Farm compilations. Each name is attached to one or several photos, so a lot of browsing is called for.
Trees of Tropical Asia.
< http://www.plantsofasia.com/index/english/0-294 >.
Excellent ref. For Lao, Khmer, Thai, Malay.
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
USEFUL TOOLS
Quizlet. Name of vegetables - Flashcards.
< https://quizlet.com/ca/367547794/name-of-vegetable_kh_en-flash-cards/ >. Khmer names.
A Picture Guide to Cambodian Fruits. Published 2019 - 2021 by Sopanha
< https://helloangkor.com/a-picture-guide-to-cambodian-fruits/ > .
Picture Guide to Cambodian Vegetables with Khmer/English. Published 2019 by Sopanha.
< https://helloangkor.com/picture-guide-to-cambodian-vegetables-with-khmer-english/ >.
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KODAVA
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————
KONKANI
(5 different scripts)
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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KOREAN
[19] Nature - Korean Biodiversity Information System. 2014. Korea National Arboretum. Accessed 2024.
Good search engine. Korean names without romanisation.
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KURDISH
(2 different scripts : Kurmanji and Sorani).
Google AI.
Yes I have criticised it, and still do, but if one is prepared to search for a single name at a time, one usually gets a good translation with explanations which stand up.
—————————————————————————
LAO
Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden. Ethnobotanic Database.
< https://www.pha-tad-ke.com/research-education/ethno-botany/ethnobotanic-database/ >. Best source of Lao names in script & romanised form.
biotik.org, 2024, Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume - LAURACEAE.
< http://www.biotik.org/laos/species/c/cinin/cinin_lo.html >.
Lao names in native script and romanised form.
ແກ້ວອຸດອນ ສຸວັນນະກູມມານ ແລະ ວີຈິດ ລຳໄຊ. (2020-).ພືດຕະກຸນຂີງ, ຂ່າ, ໝາກແໜ່ງໃນ ສປປ ລາວ. (Phak Khao Lao - Zingiberaceae of Laos : Ginger, Galanga, Cardamom). Retrieved December 2023. < https://species.phakhaolao.la/?page=67 >. English , Lao.
Trees of Tropical Asia.
< http://www.plantsofasia.com/index/english/0-294 >.
Excellent ref. For Lao, Khmer, Thai, Malay.
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
—————————————————————————
LITHUANIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
—————————————————————————
MACEDONIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————
MADURESE
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————
MALAGASY
J. M. de La Beaujardière et al. 2001-2022 Malagasy Dictionary and Encyclopedia. <https://malagasyword.org/bins/homePage >. *****
RAKOOTH Bakolimalala & Roger Edmond, Autorité Scientifique Flore CITES 2011.
Guide pour l'identification des graines de palmiers malgaches commercialisées.
< https://cites.org/sites/default/files/common/com/pc/20/inf_docs/F20-11i-A6.pdf >.
Malagasyword.org
< https://malagasyword.org/bins/teny2/Euphorbia >.
Names of Euphorbia and far more (2309 species). English, French & Malagasy
Jean-Philippe Castillon and Jean-Bernard Castillon "A propos de quelques noms oubliés dans le genre Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) à Madagascar," Candollea 71(1), 149-158, (1 June 2016). https://doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a18 Published: 1 June 2016. French
——————————————————————————
MALAY
Muhammad Shahzad Aslam & Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad
Table 3 : Globba species with their common names, part use and their traditional uses. Part of Ethno botanical Uses of Globba Species: A brief Review. May 2017
Rattan Glossary: And Compendium Glossary with Emphasis on Africa
Dennis Victor Johnson, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — 2004 · Technology & Engineering.
Comprehensive listings of Malaysian, Indonesian, African names, and a few more. Excellent
AN INDEX TO THE MALAY VERNACULAR NAMES, WITH COMMENTS By I. H. BURKILL
National Parks Board (NParks). Ministry of National Development of the Government of Singapore.
Indonesian
Glossary of Taxonomic - Indonesian Plant Names.
< http://sealang.net/archives/nusa/pdf/nusa-v35.pdf >.
Indonesian names.
Hutanpedia, Palm Trees: Classification, Characteristics, Benefits and 20 Types
< https://lindungihutan.com/blog/pohon-palem/ >.
Indonesian names
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MALAYALAM
MOHAMED IQBAL PALLIPURATH. MALAYALAM NAMES OF HERBAL PLANTS. In Malayalam alphaberical order. Comprehensive with English & Botanical names. Malayalam names are not romanized.
< https://azadpalestine.wordpress.com/malayalam-names-of-herbal-plants/ >.
Medicinal Plants of India.
< https://medicinalplantsindia.com/malayalam-names-of-medicinal-plants.html > . Malayalam names in script, no romanisation. ‘Google translate’ can provide the romanised forms if needed.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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MALTESE
Online Flora of the Maltese Islands by Stephen Mifsud.
< https://www.maltawildplants.com/MELI/Melia_azedarach.php >.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia.
——————————————————————————————-
MANIPURI
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
Gurumayum Jitendra Sharma, Pukhrambam Chirangini, & Kishor Rajkumar
Gingers of Manipur: Diversity and potentials as bioresources. June 2011. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
——————————————————————————————-
MARATHI
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
——————————————————————————————-
MULTILINGUAL
VITAL TOOLS
Google Translate
https://translate.google.com/
Not yet a truly multilingual translator, but nevertheless an invaluable tool helping us navigating through the many languages, conversions, transcriptions, transliterations, and romanisations systems that they are equiped to handle.
Wikipedia & related Wiki sites
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_by_common_name
Their compiling of common names is fairly accurate and their matching with the correct Botanical names is well done. A prime source of common names in more languages than we can handle.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2026. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
Extremely comprehensive and very detailed compilations of names from various languages of India (30) in both scripted and romanised forms together with etymological details, by the world leader in Indian plant names compiling.
EPPO Global Database
< https://gd.eppo.int/datasheets/ >. Offers many foreign scripted names with their romanised versions.
Agrovoc . Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.
< https://agrovoc.fao.org/search >.
Enormous database, a little confusing, difficult to navigate. Many names are there in many languages but I don’t know how to find anything specific. When I find a useful name it is generally by accident.
Learn Entry, Camphor meaning in different languages.
< https://www.learnentry.com/dictionary/camphor-in-different-languages/ >. More of a food based site rather than a plant based reference but offers a rich vocabulary.
IDAO Multimedia Approach to Computer Aided Identification.
< https://idao.cirad.fr/species?search=all >.
Multilingual, on the Biotik model. Bengali, English, Hindi, Urdu.
Indifferentlanguages, Camphor in different languages.
< https://indifferentlanguages.in/word/english/4dd2e82/camphor > .
Similar to Learn Entry but with better romanisation (with diacritics / diacritical marks).
Health Benefits Times
https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/
Good example : < https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/vietnamese-rosewood/ >.
One of the rare sites listing accurately the names of plants in original scripts (foreign fonts) and their romanised / transcribed forms. Excellent, past the multitude of annoying ads.
BIOTIK , 2010 - 2025. Biodiversity Informatics and Co-Operation in Taxonomy for Interactive Shared Knowledge Base. Western Ghats v 1.0. French Institute of Pondicherry
< http://www.biotik.org/species_list_india.html >.
(Malayalam, Kannada, Tamil both scripted and romanised versions are given. One of the pioneer sites in the transcribing of botanical names into native scripts.
Euro+Med 2006+ [continuously updated]: Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at http://www.europlusmed.org [accessed 2026].
ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants.
Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT). 1991 - 2025. Traded Medicinal Plants Database.
< https://envis.frlht.org/tr_bot_search > . Romanised names in a number of Indian languages.
GBIF.
< https://www.gbif.org >. Not a rich source of names but a “reference”.
Know your Weeds.
< https://www.knowyourweeds.com/en/search/photos >.
Multilingual site, names in many languages.
PlantaeDB - The Comprehensive Database for the Kingdom Plantae.
< https://plantaedb.com >. Multilingual
Aleksandar Mikić & Ana Marjanović Jeromela
(Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima, Serbia.)
General information on Brassica. BOTANICAL, AGRONOMIC AND COMMON NAMES RELATING TO BRASSICA JUNCEA
Pages 40 to 49. In Cruciferae Newsletter. July 2018 – vol. n°37 . From INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Univ. Rennes, France.
< https://brassica.info/info/publications/cn/CruciferaeNewsletter_vol37_2018.pdf >.
Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies.
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez & Mark T. Strong
With contributions from Craig M. Johnson, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez,
Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani.
Publication of the Smithsonian Institution number 98.
< https://repository.si.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/07d718c0-deb0-490f-8bf1-0544ec70c43f/content >.
1200 pages, Spanish, English, French common names and their origins.
Trees of Tropical Asia.
< http://www.plantsofasia.com/index/english/0-294 >.
Excellent ref. For Lao, Khmer, Thai, Malay. Names in respective scripts + romanised versions.
Cappers, R.T.J., Neef R. & Bekker R.M. 2009
Digital Atlas of Economic Plants
Groningen Archaeological Studies 17
Barkhuls - Eelde / Groningen University Library
3 volumes, 2035 pp. https://www.plantatlas.eu
This online publication used to have excellent indexes in various languages. Help is needed to find out what is happening.
Multilingual European Flora Dictionary
UTF-8 datatables version by megabyte_data.
< http://www.megabytedata.com/MB054/index.asp >. bilingual site, names in 33 languages.
Marina Khaytarova. Trees of Tropical Asia
2009 - 2026. < https://www.plantsofasia.com >. Russian site including many foreign names in scripts and transliterations.
Giuseppe Mazza, Monaco Nature Encyclopedia. 2003 - 2024
< https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/category/biodiversite-plantes/arecaceae-fr/?lang=fr >. Names in various languages. Restricted range of species.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
Slik JWF (2009 onwards) Plants of Southeast Asia.
< https://asianplant.net > . A number of languages in romanised form only.
USEFUL TOOLS
Voilà Translate. A.I. device.
< https://www.getvoila.ai/ai-translate/latin-to-russian > yes this is it. It is here, but it’s not great as far as botanical nomenclature is concerned. Works to some extent with Arabic, Armenian, Japanese, Russian, but spelling / grammar need to be checked. None of the other languages tested with Latin work well, if at all.
In 2026 Google AI is miles ahead offering not only names, but where to find them, how they are used etc.
Google AI.
Yes I have criticised it, and still do, but if one is prepared to search for a single name at a time, one usually gets a good translation with comprehensive explanations which stand up.
It is just a matter of searching Google as in the past. However one will only find out if the answers given are correct by investigating all hints given. A rewarding process for those prepared to spend time following any lead.
Imagine an assistant who does not mind very direct questions. No need to be polite, use correct spelling or grammar.
“Zzz name for xyz “ will work as well as “Please find me the name of xyz in zzz language”.
And like a good assistant the system becomes more accurate as time passes.
Much better than Google Translate or Voila which are ever so slowly improving.
———————————————————————
NEPALI
Taste of Nepal by Jyoti Pathak
< https://tasteofnepal.blogspot.com >.
Well organised Indexes of fruits and vegetables with Nepali names, romanized version, English and Botanical names.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
USEFUL TOOL
TypingBaba
Online Nepali keyboard.
< https://www.typingbaba.com/keyboard/online-nepali-keyboard.php >.
———————————————————————
NORWEGIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.,
Sometimes under a different language label.
————————————————————————
ORIYA
Anonymous blogger, 2012, Learn Oriya Online. < http://learnoriya.blogspot.com.au/p/home.html >. Great site but unfortunately botanical names are not used.
< http://learnoriya.blogspot.com/2012/04/different-types-of-trees-in-oriya.html >. Trees
< http://learnoriya.blogspot.com/2012/04/types-of-food-grains-in-oriya.html >. Grains
< http://learnoriya.blogspot.com/2012/04/kinds-of-spices-in-oriya.html >. Spices
< http://learnoriya.blogspot.com/2012/04/types-of-fruits-in-oriya.html >. Fruits
< http://learnoriya.blogspot.com/2012/04/types-of-vegetables-in-oriya.html >. Vegetables
< http://learnoriya.blogspot.com/2012/04/types-of-flowers-in-oriya.html >. Flowers
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————————-
PALI
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————
PASHTO
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————
PERSIAN
USEFUL TOOLS
MYLANGUAGES.ORG, 2019, Farsi to Latin Converter.
< https://mylanguages.org/farsi_romanization.php >.
MYLANGUAGES.ORG - 2019. Persian to Latin Converter, Cleaner
< https://mylanguages.org/persian_romanization.php >.
Persian transliteration.
——————————————————————————————-
POLISH
Atlas-roslin. Marek Snowarski. 2002 - 2026.
< https://www.atlas-roslin.pl/gatunki/Carthamus_lanatus.htm >.
——————————————————————————————-
PORTUGUESE
Dicionário Terminológico Bilingue - Plantas.
< https://www.esalq.usp.br/d-plant/taxonomy/term/1797 >. Brazilian names.
Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
< http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ >. Accessed on: 12 Aug 2025
EUROplusMED Plant database.
Portuguese names.
Pagina dos colecionadores de frutas!
< https://www.colecionandofrutas.com.br/sementes.htm >.
Brazilian names of 221 fruits available as seeds.
——————————————————————————————-
PUNJABI
(2 different scripts : Shahmukhi & Gurmukhi).
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————————-
ROMANIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————————-
RUSSIAN
Agbina Каталог. 2004 - 2024. Accessed Feb. 2024
Продажа семян и растений, Каталог, Акация. (Seeds & Plants catalogue).
http://www.agbina.com/2372/2373/106520
Russian names - (1000 Acacias among others).
Malamant live journal (Community publishing platform), 1999 - 2024
< https://malamant.livejournal.com/820454.html >.
Hebrew & Russian names of Acacias.
Galina Malamant, 2017. Israel cultivated plants - Acacias. A Wordpress blog.
< https://galina-malamant.com/2017/10/17/plants-a/ >.
Hebrew and Russian names.
BAČOVÁ Mária, Katedra rusistiky Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Konštantina Filozofa v Nitre. 2022.
< https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/09131053218-227-latinsko-slovensko-cesko-rusko-bielorusky-slovnik-ofic-nazvov-liecivych-rastlin-7cast.pdf >. Bielorusian, Czech, Russian, Slovenian names.
CNSHB - Agricultural Electronic Library of Knowledge (AEKBiZ)
< https://www.cnshb.ru/akdil/default.htm >. Russian, some African languages.
USEFUL TOOLS
< https://www.getvoila.ai/ai-translate/latin-to-russian > yes this is it. It is here, but it’s not great as far as botanical nomemclature is concerned. Works with Russian, but spelling / grammar need to be checked.
——————————————————————————————-
SANSKRIT
KST Kosha Online Sanskrit Dictionary.
< https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/ >. Sanskrit
Sanskrit Dictionary
< https://www.sanskritdictionary.com/?q=khadira >.
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————————-
SERBIAN
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————————-
SESOTHO
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————————-
SINDHI
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————————-
SINHALA
Barberyn Ayurveda Resorts, Sri Lanka
Compendium of Ayurveda Medicinal Plants Version 3.
http://www.instituteofayurveda.org/
The most useful of Sinhalese sites with Sinhala names, scripted and romanised, matched with botanical names, Sanskrit and Tamil.
Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka, 2024. අපේ ඔසුපැළ
< https://www.osuturu.lk/2015/11/mimosa-pudica.html >.
Like most blogs of this type, hard to navigate, but some of us have no other choice. I plead guilty. This Sinhalese site however is a great source of Sinhala names.
Flora of Sri Lanka
< https://www.floraofsrilanka.com/species?page=9 >.
Romanised Sinhalese names
Biodiversity of Sri Lanka
< https://biodiversityofsrilanka.blogspot.com/2015/ >.
Sinhalese names (in native script and romanised form).
dh-web
< https://dh-web.org/place.names/sinhala2bot.html >.
Comprehensive but romanised Sinhala only.
Sri Ranjani Sivapalan and Vinotha Sanmugarajah. Dictionary of Medicinal Plants. 2019. Book Publisher International. Online version 2020.
Latin, English, romanised Sinhala, Sanskrit & Tamil.
Stekjes. < https://si.stekjesbrief.nl/product/euphorbia-lactea-groene-kraag-kopen-en-verzorgen/ >. Sinhala. Seems mostly specialised in Aroids.
Lakpura - Ayurvedic medicinal plants.
< https://lakpura.lk/pages/xanthosoma-sagittifolium >.
Botanical names & Sinhala names.
——————————————————————————————-
SLOVAK
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————————-
SLOVENIAN
BAČOVÁ Mária, Katedra rusistiky Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Konštantina Filozofa v Nitre. 2022.
< https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/09131053218-227-latinsko-slovensko-cesko-rusko-bielorusky-slovnik-ofic-nazvov-liecivych-rastlin-7cast.pdf >. Bielorusian, Czech, Russian, Slovenian names.
——————————————————————————————-
SPANISH
Wikipedia - Flora of southern South America.
< https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Flora_of_southern_South_America >. Often wiki names miss the vital diacritics of Spanish words. These can be refined when checking the relevant multilingual sites.
CINWA - 1.0. Database of Cultivated plants and their names in the indigenous languages of South America.
< http://www.cinwa.org/parameters > .
Vanderbilt University.
Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies.
< https://as.vanderbilt.edu/clacx/garden/plant-database/ >.
TasteAtlas. Best South American Plant Types.
< https://www.tasteatlas.com/best-rated-plants-in-south-america >.
Database < https://www.tasteatlas.com/south-america/plants >.
EUROplusMED Plant database.
Spanish names from a lot of countries.
ONG PERÚ ECOLÓGICO 2012.
< https://www.peruecologico.com.pe/opciones.html >.
Spanish names.
Victor Suárez Molina. Voces mayas y mayismos en el Español de Yucatán. Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. & Juan R. Bastarrachea et al. Diccionario Maya Español - Español Maya.
< https://www.mayas.uady.mx/articulos/voces.html >.
Maya vocabulary and names.j
Gann GD, Trejo-Torres JC (2015-2025) Plantas de la Isla de Puerto Rico / Plants of the Island of Puerto Rico. The Institute for Regional Conservation. Delray Beach, Florida, USA.
< https://www.regionalconservation.org/ircs/Database/plants/PlantPagePR.asp?TXCODE=Manivale >.
Flora de Cuba en línea. Universidad de la Habana.
< https://floradecuba.org/inicio >. Cuban names.
——————————————————————————————-
SUNDANESE
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————————-
SWAHILI
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————————-
SWEDISH
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
——————————————————————————————-
TAGALOG
Elmer D. Merrill, 1925,
An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. Government of the Philippine Islands. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources . Bureau of Science. Manila. Publication number 18, Volume 1.
Page 146 to 158. < http://file.iflora.cn/fastdfs/group1/M00/64/93/wKhnoF2VZ2SADOnxAePzqA8ZMow910.pdf >. Old archived document with Tagalog names & other languages from the Philippines.
Godofredo Umali-Stuart & Angela Stiuart-Santiago, StuartXchange.
PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH CHINESE NAMES. 2019.
< http://www.stuartxchange.org/ChineseList.html >.
Chinese names (romanised) and various languages from the Plilippines.
——————————————————————————————-
TAMIL
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
தாவரவியல் பெயர்களின் தமிழ் பெயர்கள் by ஏற்காடு இளங்கோ
(Tamil names of botanical names by Yercaudu Elango).
A FREE book online. Courtesy Free Tamil E-books .
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————————-
TELUGU
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
——————————————————————————————-
THAI
Thai Plant Names. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation’
< https://botany.dnp.go.th/mplant/index.html >. Same source as flora of Thailand but very much easier to use.
Flora of Thailand, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
< https://botany.dnp.go.th/eflora/index.html >. Thai plant names.
Thai2English.com
https://thai2english.com/
A little weak on botanical nomenclature but the most useful Thai - English dictionary. Gives reliable, accurate romanised versions of any Thai word submitted.
QSBG, BGO Plant Database
Thai names in scripted and simple romanised form together with the origins of those names.
Royal Park Rajapruek. 2022.
< https://rptree.royalparkrajapruek.org/detail.php?th_name=กอมขม >.
Hard to navigate, even when translated. Thai & romanised names.
USEFUL TOOLS
HIX.AI / HIX Translate - GPT-3.5.
< https://translate.hix.ai/latin-thai > . Latin to Thai conversions
Xavier Nègre © Lexilogos 2002-2023, Thai Keyboard online.
< https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/thai.htm >.
——————————————————————————————-
TIBETAN
Mia Molvray. A Glossary of Tibetan Medicinal Plants in Tibetan medicine. Library of Tibetan Works & Archives. Series 11. 1988. < https://www.molvray.com/ebooks/ebooks-mss/academic-mm/A_Glossary_of_Tibetan_Medicinal_Plants__MMolvray.pdf >.
Gernot Katzer’s Spice pages. 1995 - 2025
Limited to spices, but unequal in terms of documentation and names compilation.
——————————————————————————————-
TULU
J M Garg et al, Flora of India Online
https://efloraofindia.com/
An amazing forum with a huge diversity of contributors producing large amounts of information on Indian plants and covering many languages.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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TURKISH
Bedevian, Armenag K.
Illustrated polyglottic dictionary of plant names : in Latin, Arabic, Armenian, English, French, German, Italian and Turkish languages.
Cairo: Angus & Papazian presses. 1936.
Remakable book by a mentor I would have greatly appreciated.
Archived online at : e< https://archive.org/details/BDV1994LAAR/page/n189/mode/2up >.
SMS Marmara group. Sakarya Botanik San ve Tic. A.Ş. 2013.
< https://katalog.smsmarmaragroup.com/a >.
Turkish names, rich vocabulary.
Toxic or harmful plants. 20 / 04 / 2016.
< https://takviyeedicigida.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ZEHİRLİ-BİTKİLER-LİSTESİ-20.04.2016.pdf >.
Bizim Bitkiler. Data source : Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., (edlr.), (2012). List of Turkish Plants (Vascular Plants). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden and Flora Research Association Publication. Istanbul. < https://www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr/v2/hiyerarsi.php?c=Salvia > Turkish names of Salvias.
Fatih GÖGER, Master's Thesis. Health Sciences Institute
Department of Pharmacognosy. 2006. Acik Bilim yok, Turkish Gov.
< https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/328756/yokAcikBilim_160111.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y >. Turkish names of Salvias.
MAKALELER / Türkçe – Latince Bitki İsimleri.
< https://www.arge7.com/detay.php?id=1346 >.
Comprehensive Turkish / botanical names index.
Muhammet Fatih ALKAYIŞ. Türkçede Kullanılan Alıntı Bitki Adları
< https://turkishstudies.net/DergiTamDetay.aspx?ID=801 >. Many bilingual equivalents but limited to general (generic names).
Anıl Çelik. 2025.
ESKİ ANADOLU TÜRKÇESİ TIP METNİ ARAŞTIRMALARINDA BİTKİ ADLARININ LATİNCE BİLİMSEL KARŞILIKLARI SORUNU.
The Problem of Plant Names’ Latin Scientific Equivalents in Old Anatolian
Turkish Medical Manuscript Studies,
Aralık 2021 . < https://www.academia.edu/66044618/ >.
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UKRAINIAN
Stryamets N. et al.
Just beautiful green herbs: use of plants in cultural practices in Bukovina and Roztochya, Western Ukraine. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2021. < https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33663565/ >.
Russian - Ukrainian Dictionaries.(Російсько-українські словники).
Compiled by А. Рисін, В. Старко, Ю. Марченко, О. Телемко та ін. 2007–2024.
< Російсько-українські словники | З незамулених джерел >.
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UPPER SORBIAN
Recently few names have been found here and there on Wikipedia pages.
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URDU
IDAO Multimedia Approach to Computer Aided Identification.
< https://idao.cirad.fr/species?search=all >.
Multilingual, on the Biotik model. Bengali, English, Hindi, Urdu.
Dinesh Valke, 2020 - 2024. Names of Plants in India.
< https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/ >.
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VENDA
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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VIETNAMESE
Central Pharmacy, Pharmacist Minh Hau et al.
Vietnamese Medicinal Plants and Herbs PDF by Dr. Do Tat Loi .
< https://trungtamthuoc.com/duoc-lieu >. Search engine.
Vietnam Plant Data Center, Vietnam Plant Research and Development Consulting Group - BVN.
< https://www.botanyvn.com/cnt.asp?param=edir&v=Licuala%20ternata&list=species&lg=en >.
Vietnamese names. There are more there than the search engine will reveal. odd !
Medicinal Plants of Vietnam. Site under the supervision of Ms Dam Thi Xuyen
< https://tracuuduoclieu.vn/tra-cuu-duoc-lieu >. Alphabetically sorted Vietnamese names, linked to photos and botanical names.
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VISAYAN
Godofredo Umali-Stuart & Angela Stiuart-Santiago, StuartXchange.
PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH CHINESE NAMES. 2019.
< http://www.stuartxchange.org/ChineseList.html >.
Chinese names (romanised) and various languages from the Plilippines.
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XHOSA
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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YORUBA
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
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ZULU
No site with substantial number of names found so far.
Occasional names found on Wikipedia, in EPPO, or generated by A.I.
