Bupleurum - The names

 This file was created in support of our comments made elsewhere on this blog.

Bupleurum aureum Fisch. ex Hoffm.

AZERBAIJANI : قیزی‌لی اؤکوزبوغان Qızılı öküzboğan.

CHINESE : 金黄柴胡 Jīnhuáng chái hú.

ESTONIAN : Kuldne jänesekõrv.

FRENCH : Buplèvre doré.

RUSSIAN : Володушка золотистая Volodushka zolotistaya.

UKRAINIAN : Ласкавець золотистий Laskavetsʹ zolotystyy, вовчий зуб vovchyy zub.

Bupleurum baldense Turra

ENGLISH : Small hare's ear.

FRENCH :  Buplèvre du Mont Baldo, Buplèvre opaque.

GERMAN : Monte-Baldo-Hasenohr.

RUSSIAN : Володушка тирольская Volodushka tirol'skaya, Володушка бальдийская Volodushka bal'diyskaya.

Bupleurum chinense DC.

CHINESE : 北柴胡 Běi chái hú.

CZECH : Prorostlík čínský.

ENGLISH : Chinese Hare’s ear.

FRENCH : Buplèvre chinois, Buplèvre de chine.

HUNGARIAN : Kínai buvákfű. 

JAPANESE : マンシュウミシマサイコ Manshuu mishimasaiko.

RUSSIAN : Володушка китайская Volodushka kitayskaya.

SWEDISH : Kinesisk harört.

Bupleurum dianthifolium Guss.

ENGLISH : Dianthus-leaved Thoroughwax.

FRENCH : Buplèvre à feuilles de dianthus.

RUSSIAN : Володушка гвоздиколистная Volodushka gvozdikolistnaya. 

Bupleurum elatum Guss.

ENGLISH : Madonie Mountains Hare’s ear.

FRENCH : Buplèvre de Sicile.

ITALIAN : Bupleuro siciliano.

TAMIL : புப்ளூரம் எலாட்டம் Pupḷūram elāṭṭam.

Bupleurum falcatum L. 

ARABIC : دبيق منجلي dabiq minjili.

CHINESE :  紫胡 chái hú.

CZECH : Prorostlík srpovitý.

DANISH : Hareøre, Segl-hareøre, Seglbladet hareøre. 

DUTCH : Sikkelgoudscherm, Sikkeldoorwas.

ENGLISH : Chinese thoroughwax, Sickle hare's ear, Sickle-leaved hare's ear.

ESTONIAN : Sirp-jänesekõrv.

FRENCH : Buplèvre en faux.

GERMAN : Sichelblättriges Hasenohr, Sichelblättrige hasenohr, Wundkraut.

HUNGARIAN : Sarlós buvákfű. 

ITALIAN : Bupleuro falcato.

JAPANESE : ミシマサイコ Mishima saiko.

PERSIAN : چترگندمی داسی 

POLISH : Przewiercień sierpowaty. 

RUSSIAN : Володушка серповидная Volodushka serpovidnaya. 

SERBIAN :  Прераст српаста Prerast srpasta. 

SLOVAKIAN : Prerastlík kosákovitý.

SPANISH : Hierba gitana.

SWEDISH : Smalbladig harört, Läkeharört.

UKRAINIAN : Ласкавець серповидний Laskavetsʹ serpovydnyy.

Bupleurum gracile DC. -> Bupleurum marschallianum C.A.Mey. 

Bupleurum gracile d'Urv.

Bupleurum aegaeum Rech.f.  

GREEK : Βούπλευρο το χαρίεν Voúplevro to charíen.

Bupleurum gracillimum Klotzsch in Klotzsch & Garcke

CHINESE : 纤细柴胡 Xiānxì chái hú.

ENGLISH : Slender Thorowax

Bupleurum handiense (Bolle) G.Kunkel

ENGLISH : Jandía anise.

SPANISH : Anís de Jandía.

RUSSIAN : Володушка Volodushka.

Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter

ENGLISH : Cretan Hare’s ear.

FRENCH : Buplèvre de Crete.

GREEK : βούπλευρο voúplevro.

RUSSIAN : Володушка какискальская Volodushka kakiskal'skaya.

Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem.

ARABIC : دبيق مغزلي الأوراق dabiq maghzili al'awraq.

DUTCH : Smalle doorwas. 

ENGLISH : Lanceleaf thorow-wax, Lanceleaf thorough-wax.

GREEK : Βούπλευρο το λογχόφυλλο 

JAPANESE : 槍葉ミシマ Yari ha Mishima.

RUSSIAN : Володушка ланцетнолистная Volodushka lantsetolistnaya.

Bupleurum longifolium L.

AZERBAIJANI : Uzunyarpaq öküzboğan. 

BULGARIAN : дълголистна урока 

CZECH : prorostlík dlouholistý. 

GERMAN : Langblättriges Hasenohr. 

FRENCH : Buplèvre à longues feuilles.

HUNGARIAN : Hosszúlevelű buvákfűpolski.

POLISH : Przewiercień długolistny. 

RUSSIAN : Володушка долголистовая Volodushka dolgolistovaya.

UKRAINIAN : Ласкавець довголистий Laskavetsʹ dovholystyy.

Bupleurum marschallianum C.A.Mey. 

Bupleurum divaricatum Steph. ex Ledeb., Bupleurum gracile DC., Odontites gracilis M.Bieb. ex Hoffm.  

ENGLISH : Marschal’s Thoroughwax.

FRENCH : Buplèvre de Marshall.

GREEK : Βούπλευρο το χαρίεν Voúplevro to charíen (as B. gracilis).

RUSSIAN : Володушка Маршалла Volodushka Marshalla.

UKRAINIAN : Ласкавець Маршалла Laskavetsʹ Marshalla.

Bupleurum orientale Snogerup 

ENGLISH : Shrubby hare’s ear.

GREEK :  Βούπλευρο το ανατολικό Voúplevro to anatolikó.

HEBREW : צלע-שור דקיקה tzla-shur dakika.

JAPANESE : ブプレウルム オリエンタル Bupureurumu orientaru.

PASHTO :  دبيق مشرقي dabyeeq masharqi.

Bupleurum rotundifolium L.

CHINESE : 圆叶柴胡 Yuán yè chái hú.

CZECH : Prorostlík okrouhlolistý.

DANISH : Rundbladet hareøre. 

DUTCH : Doorwas.

ENGLISH : Green Gold (USA),  Hare’s ear, Hares Ear (USA), Hound's Ear (USA), Hounds-ear (USA),  Narrow-leaved thorough-wax, Round-leaved thorough-wax, Thorough wax (USA), Thoroughwax  (USA), Thorowax (USA).

ESTONIAN : Ümaralehine jänesekõrv.

FINNISH : Jänönputki, Pyöröjänönputki. 

FRENCH : Buplèvre à feuilles rondes, Oreille de lièvre.

GERMAN : Acker-Hasenohr, Durchwachskraut, Durchwachs-Hasenohr, Durchwachsenes Hasenohr, Rundblättrige Hasenohr.

GREEK : Βούπλευρο το στρογγυλόφυλλο Voúplevro to strongylófyllo.

ITALIAN : Bupleuro perfogliato, Perfogliata.

JAPANESE : 丸葉ミシマ Maruba mishima, マルバミシマ Maruba mishima, 狭葉ミシマ Kyōyō Mishima.

NORVEGIAN : Hareøre, Hareøyre.

RUSSIAN : Володушка круглоли́стная Volodúshka kruglolístnaya.

SERBIAN : help please.

SLOVAKIAN : Prerastlík okrúhlolistý.

SLOVENIAN : Prerast okroglolistna. 

SPANISH :  Haloche, Oreja de liebre, Perfoliada, Perfoliata.

SWEDISH : Harört.

Bupleurum salicifolium R.Br. 

ENGLISH : Willow-leaved Bupleurum, Willow-leaved Hare’s ear.

FRENCH : Buplèvre à feuilles de saule.

HEBREW : צלע-שור צרת-עלים‎‎ ‎tzla-shur tzrat-alim‎‎.

RUSSIAN :  Володушка иволистная Volodushka ivolistnaya.

Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.

Bupleurum sinensium Gand. 

AZERBAIJANI : Təkəsaqqal öküzboğan

CHINESE : 红柴胡 Hóng chái hú, 软柴胡 Ruǎn chái hú, 狭叶柴胡 Xiá yè chái hú, 香柴胡 Xiāng chái hú.

CZECH : Prorostlík hadímordolistý.

FRENCH : Buplèvre à feuilles de scorsonère.

JAPANESE : ホソバミシマサイコ Hosoba mishimasaiko.

RUSSIAN : Володушка козелецелистная Volodushka kozeletselystnaya.

Bupleurum semicompositum L. 

Bunium semicompositum Dum.Cours., Bupleurum glaucum Robill. & Castagne ex DC., Bupleurum semicompositum Sm., Isophyllum glaucum Fourr., Isophyllum semicompositum C.Presl, Odontites glaucus Spreng., Odontites semicompositus Spreng., Tenoria glauca Bubani  

ARABIC : دبيق شبه مركب dabiq shibh murakab.

CATALAN : unflabou menut.

CROATIAN : svinjac žutkasti.

ENGLISH : Dwarf hare's ear, Flowering rush (Israel), Steppe Hare's Ear

FRENCH : Buplèvre composite, Buplèvre glauque, Buplèvre semi-composé.

GREEK : Βούπλευρο το ημισύνθετο Voúplevro to imisýntheto.

HEBREW : צֶלַע=שׁוֹר עַרְבָתִית tzela'-shor arvatit. 

ITALIAN : bupleuro alofilo. 

RUSSIAN : Волоnдушка сизая 

SPANISH : Hierba negrilla. 

TURKISH : sağır şeytanayağı.

Bupleurum sibiricum Vest ex Roem. & Schult.

Bupleurum sibiricum Vest ex Spreng.

CHINESE : 兴安柴胡 Xìng'ān chái hú.

ENGLISH : Siberian Hare’s ear.

FRENCH : Buplèvre de Sibérie.

RUSSIAN : Волоnдушка сибирская Volodushka sibirskaya.

Bupleurum spinosum Gouan

CHINESE : 刺葉柴胡 Cì yè chái hú.

ENGLISH : Spiny hare's-ear.

FRENCH : Buplèvre épineux. 

GERMAN : Dorniges hasenohr.

ITALIAN : Bupleuro spinoso. 

Bupleurum stellatum L. 

Bupleurum amplexicaule Clairv.

ENGLISH : Starry hare's ear.

FRENCH : Buplèvre en étoile, Buplèvre étoilé, Oreille de lièvre, Oreille de souris, Perce-feuille.

GERMAN : Sternblütiges Hasenohr, Sterndoldenhasenohr, Sterndolden-Hasenohr, Stern-Hasenohr, Sternhasenohr. 

ITALIAN : Bupleuro stellato.,

RUSSIAN : Володушка звездчатая Volodushka zvezdchataya.

Bupleurum stenophyllum (Nakai) Kitag.

CHINESE : 三島柴胡 Sāndǎo chái hú, 鐮倉柴胡 Lián cāng chái hú.

JAPANESE : ミシマサイコ Mishima saiko, 三島柴胡 Mishima saiko.

Bupleurum tenuissimum L.

Agostana tenuissima Bute ex Gray, Bupleurum columnae Guss., Bupleurum gerardii G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb., Bupleurum junceum Pollich, Bupleurum junceum var. pollechii (J.F.Gmel.) Spreng., Bupleurum pollichii C.C.Gmel. Bupleurum procumbens Desf., Bupleurum tenue Salisb., Odontites procumbens Spreng., Odontites tenuissima Spreng., Selinum tenuissimum E.H.L.Krause, Tenoria tenuis Bubani, Trachypleurum tenuissimum Schur, Zigara tenuis (Salisb.) Raf.  

ARABIC : دبيق نحيل dabiq nahil.

BULGARIAN : Изящна урока Izyashtna uroka.

CATALAN : Unflabou tenuíssim.

CROATIAN : Najtanji zvinčac.

CZECH : Prorostlík nejtenčí. 

DANISH : Smalbladet hareøre. 

DUTCH : Fijn goudscherm.

ENGLISH : Slender Hare’s ear.

ESTONIAN : Peen jänesekõrv. 

FINNISH : hoikkajänöputki.

FRENCH : Buplèvre fluet, Buplèvre très grêle, Buplèvre grêle, Buplèvre menu, Buplèvre très menu, Buplèvre ténu, Percefeuille très grêle.

GERMAN : feines Hasenohr, Salz-Hasenohr, Salztrift-Hasenohr, zartes Hasenohr.

GREEK : βούπλευρο.

HUNGARIAN : Sziki buvákfű.

ITALIAN : Bupleuro grappoloso.

JAPANESE : 細長いミシマ Hosonagai Mishima.

NORWEGIAN : Strandnål. 

POLISH : Przewiercień cienki, Przewiercień wąskolistny.

RUSSIAN : Володушка тончайшая Volodushka tonchayshaya.

SERBIAN : Ситна прорашљика Sitna prorašljika.

SLOVAKIAN : Prerastlík najtenší.

SLOVENIAN : Tanka prerast.

SPANISH : Cuchillejo fino, Hinojillo de conejo, Hinojillo de monte.

SWEDISH : Strandnål. 

TURKISH : kanatlı şeytanayağı.

UKRAINIAN : Ласкавець найтонший Laskavetsʹ naytonshyy.

Betonica - The names (related to Stachys)

 

This file was created as a complement to the Stachys file due to the change of botanical names.

Betonica alopecuros L. 

Stachys alopecuros (L.)Benth

ALBANIAN : sarushë.

CATALAN : Betònica groga.

ENGLISH :Yellow betony.

FRENCH : Bétoine queue-de-renard, Bétoine vulpin, Épiaire jaunâtre, Épiaire queue-de-renard, Épiaire vulpin.

GERMAN : blaßgelbe Betonie, Fuchsschwanzbetonie, Fuchsschwanz-Ziest, gelbe Batunge, gelbe Betonie, gelbe Ziest.

ITALIAN : Betonica bianca.

RUSSIAN : Буквица лисохвостная Bukvitsa lisokhvostnaya, Чистец лисохвостный Chistets lisokhvostnyy.

SLOVENIAN : Jacquinov čistec. 

SPANISH : Betónica amarilla. 

Betonica betoniciflora (Rupr. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.) Sennikov

Betonica betoniciflora f. albiflora Sennikov & Lazkov, Betonica betoniciflora f. rosea Lazkov, Betonica foliosa Rupr., Betonica foliosa var. latifolia Rupr., Stachys betoniciflora Rupr. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch., Stachys betonicifolia Regel, Stachys foliosa Regel  

FRENCH : Bétoine feuillue.

JAPANESE : ベトニカ・ベトニシフローラ  Betonika betonishifurōra, スタキス・ベトニシフローラ  Sutakisu betonishifurōra, スタキス・ベトニシフォリア Sutakisu betonishiforia.

RUSSIAN : Буквица буквицецветная Bukvitsa bukvitsetsvetnaya, Чистец буквицецветный Chistets bukvitsetsvetnyy (as S. betoniciflora).

Betonica macrantha K. Koch 

Betonica grandiflora Stephan ex Willd. non Thuill, Stachys macrantha  Jalas, Stachys macrantha (K. Koch) Stearn 

AZERBAIJANI : İriçiçəkli mərcanotu. 

CZECH : Čistec velkokvětý. 

ENGLISH : Big betony, Large-flowered betony.

FINNISH : Jalopähkämö. 

FRENCH : Épiaire à larges fleurs, Bétoine à larges fleurs.

GERMAN : Großblütige Betonie, Großblütiger Ziest (as S. grandiflora).

JAPANESE : ベトニー・グランディフローラ Betonī gurandifurōra (as B. grandiflora).

RUSSIAN : Буквица крупноцветковая Bukvitsa krupnotsvetkovaya, Чистец крупноцветковый Chistets krupnotsvetkovyy, Стахис крупноцветковый Stakhis krupnotsvetkovyy.

SWEDISH : Praktbetonika. 

TURKISH : Koca soğulcan.

Betonica officinalis L.

Stachys betonica Benth., Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis, Stachys monieri (Gouan) P.W.Ball

ALBANIAN : sarushë mjekësore.

ARABIC : ستاتشى اوفيسيناليس statshaa awfysynalys.

ARMENIAN : Թթվիճ դեղատու T’t’vich deghatu.

AZERBAIJANI : Dərman mərcanotu. 

BELARUSIAN : Буквіца лекавая Bukvica liekavaja.

BULGARIAN : Бетоника Betonika, Червен вятър Cherven vyatŭr, Лечебен ранилист Lecheben ranilist, Хайдушка билка Khaĭdushka bilka, Ранилист лечебен Ranilist lecheben, Рошовина Roshovina.

CATALAN : Betònica, brutònica.

CHINESE : 药水苏 Yàoshuǐ sū.

CROATIAN : Betonika.

CZECH : Bukvice lékařská, Čistec lékařský.

DANISH : Lægebetonie, Læge-betonie, Lægegaltetand.

DUTCH : Betonie, Koortskruid.  

ENGLISH : Common hedgenettle, Purple betony, Wood betony, Bishopwort, Bishop's wort.

ESTONIAN : Harilik nõianõges, Harilik tõnnike. 

FINNISH : Rohtopähkämö. 

FRENCH : Épiaire officinale, Épiaire tardive, Bétoine, Bétoine officinale,  Bétoine pourpre, Thé suisse, Belle tête.

GERMAN : Echte Betonie, Echter Ziest, gebräuchliche Betonie, gemeine Betonie, gewöhnliche Betonie, Heilbatunge, Heil-Ziest.

GEORGIAN : სამკურნალო ბარისპირა samk’urnalo barisp’ira.

GREEK : Μπετόνικα Βετονική Betónika Vetonikí, Στάχυς ο φαρμακευτικός Stáchys o farmakeftikós, Μπετόνκα Betón'ka (Kefalonia), Θρεφτόχορτο  Threftóchorto (Corfu).

HUNGARIAN : .Bakfű, Betonikafű, Orvosi bakfű,  Orvosi tisztesfű.

ITALIAN : Betonica comune, Erba betonica.

JAPANESE : ベトニー Betonī, 大輪ベトニー Dairin betonī, カッコウチョロギ  Kakkō chorogi (Kakkouchorogi), かっこうちょろぎ Kakkō chorogi, 郭公草石蚕 Kakkō sōsekisan, カッコウソウ Kakkousou, 郭公草 Kakkō kusa, ベトニカ・オフィシナリス Betonika ofishinarisu, スタキス・オフィシナリス Sutakisu ofishinarisu, スタキス モニエリ Sutakisu monieri (as S. monieri), タイリンベトニー Tairinbetonī, ウッドベトニー Uddobetonī.

LATVIAN : ārstniecības betonika.

LITHUANIAN : Vaistinė notra.

NORWEGIAN : Betonie.

PERSIAN : سنبله‌ای آفیسینالیس sanbaletyi afisinalis.

POLISH : Bukwica lekarska, Bukwica zwyczajna. 

PORTUGUESE : betónica, bentónica, betónicão, burtónica, butónica, Cestro, Rabo-de-raposa.

ROMANIAN : crețișor.

RUSSIAN : Букаица лекарственная Bukvitsa lekarstvennaya (as B. officinalis), Чистец лекарственный Chistets lekarstvennyy, Ранилист Ranilist, Лечебен ранилист Lecheben ranilist.

SERBIAN : Ранилист чистац Ranilist čistac.

SLOVAKIAN : Betonika lekárska, Bukvica lekárska.

SLOVENIAN : Navadni čistec.

SPANISH : albutrónica, beltrónica, betonica, Betónica, betónicao, betrónica, bretónica, bretoña, salima fina, salvia, savia, selima fina, vetónica.

SWEDISH : Humlesuga.

THAI : สตาชิส ออฟฟิชินาลิส sà-dtaa-chít or fá-fí chí naa lít, เบโทนิกา ออฟฟิซินาลิส bay toh ní gaa · or fá-fí sí naa lít [105] [106].

TURKISH : tokalı çay.

UKRAINIAN : Буквиця лікарська Bukvytsya likarsʹka.

UPPER SORBIAN : Botentki, Dobra přeslička, Pomjatkowe zelo, Serpinka, Wšědna bukwica.

Many names from the old classification, when these were called Stachys, can be found in the above records. This is to be expected with taxonomic  changes, even as light as those (only botanical synonyms have been swapped).

Plant taxonomy, vernacular and botanical nomenclature

 

When Matching common names with botanical names …

Botanical Latin matters

Many academics dismiss vernacular / common names for being inaccurate, not reliable and non scientific. Botanical Latin the language of scientists, is disregarded by non botanically inclined people and on the whole mostly not understood. Actually both are needed. The value of the botanical names does not need to be argued, it is simply what the kind of work this project addresses is based on. It should be understood however that botanical Latin is not that stable either. It is a dynamic “language” evolving with science. Reclassifications are common occurences and are bound to generate name changes, this leads to headaches for translators and intruduces extra errors. An example of drastic change :  

Rosmarinus officinalis L. becoming Salvia rosmarinus Schleid. 

Other examples of botanical Latin leading to mistakes: Salvia grandifolia W.W.Sm. the currently accepted name has a number of homonyms such as 

Salvia grandiflora Sessé & Moc. -> Salvia fulgens Cav. ?

Salvia grandiflora Sessé & Moc. -> Salvia gesneriiflora Lindl. & Paxton ?

Salvia grandiflora Hornem. -> Salvia nutans L. ?

Salvia grandiflora Née ex Cav. ->  Salvia patens Cav.

Salvia grandiflora Ten. ->  Salvia officinalis subsp. officinalis

This proves that even for taxonomists bot. Latin can be confusing. As for translating in those cases it is better to transcribe the binomial because if the authority name is absent it can lead to huge mistakes.

In conclusion botanical Latin is a little more accurate and reliable than vernacular but not a lot more.

Vernacular nomenclature matters

What is the contribution of common names ? Let’s acknowledge their problems first. They are usually very localised and occasionally a plant and an ingredient coming from it will have the same name. 

Sometime a name is simplified to its bare minimum and ends up being just the original location of that plant. This is particularly the case when the epithet of the binomial is based on a geographical location in a non Latin language.

Names travel with plants. Within a language a name can be adopted in a whole country when the plant is exported to a foreign country, its name can be translated losing some accuracy because it may relate to a specific area only or a foreign person. The adopting country does not necessarily know that. The end result is that the name can be adapted / changed. As a consequence different plants can be given the same name by mistake or by design for commercial advantage.

Sorting all this out is already a mighty task to accomplish. We will leave aside the disappearing, disused native languages issues. These should be addressed in the future based on our preliminary work.

On the positive side common local names are generally well understood by every speaker of a language, may be with the help of a dictionary sometime. In today’s world plants are traded internationally ever more. This means that some plants unknown in a country need to have a label, so the original name is translated. A good common name will be easily converted, that is if it is descriptive enough. If it is based on the botanical name a little difficulty will creep in. This is where A.I. will fail almost every time because the base of data to work from does not have enough names translated correctly in the first place. A coping mechanism is to transcribe the botanical name as opposed to translating it into living vernacular. This process can lead to illarious results. A recently found example is the botanical epithet ‘betonicifolia’ translated as ‘beton-leaved’, a francophile first reaction would be to think of a plant with concrete leaves. However what the French call bétoine is simply betony in English. Indeed a well known online translation device gives us “ Sauge à feuilles de béton” for Salvia betonicifolia - robot logic. 

Common  dictionaries are notoriously poor when it comes to translating plant names at the specific level, let alone at the cultivated species level. Since the beginning of this century, the last twenty years or so, many names in non roman characters have started to appear in commercial catalogues and the botanical literature. They are attempts at reproducing the sound of the original name which can be the botanical or vernacular. This is the worst nightmare for A.I. : trying to transliterate back from such names to the originals.

I think I have demonstrated the worth of our project, so let’s get on with the task.

Recommended articles on these topics : 

Riggsby, Matthew , Archaeology, Boston University, answers the questions  on the forum Quora : 

Why is it that different countries call the same plants different names? Why don't they just call them all by Latin names to uniform the plants ? 

&

Alex x comments on 

Why is it that different countries call the same plants different names?

< https://www.quora.com/Why-is-it-that-different-countries-call-the-same-plants-different-names-Why-dont-they-just-call-them-all-by-Latin-names-to-uniform-the-plants#:~:text=Here%20are%20some%20reasons%20for,manzana%22%20in%20Spanish%20and%20%22p>.

“Choosing The Best Common Names For Plants: Challenges & Solutions”.

by Alex Zorach on < https://bplant.org/blog/30 >.April 2024.